1.4.2 Types of Variables

• What are variables in psychological research?

  Factors that change or vary
• What are extraneous variables in research?

  Factors that influence results
• Extraneous variables need to be controlled to ensure accurate findings.


  True
• Why are extraneous variables important to consider in psychological research?

  To ensure accurate findings
• Match the variable type with its example:

  Independent Variable (IV) ↔️ Study time in hours

  Dependent Variable (DV) ↔️ Exam score
• What are examples of extraneous variables in a study on study time and exam performance?

  Participant motivation, environmental conditions
• What is the primary characteristic of quantitative variables?

  Numerical data
• What is the primary goal of qualitative research?

  In-depth understanding
• Participant motivation is an example of an extraneous variable in research.


  True
• What are extraneous variables in psychological research?

  Other factors affecting results
• What is the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable?

  It causes changes
• Match the variable type with its role in research:

  Independent Variable ↔️ Researchers manipulate it

  Dependent Variable ↔️ Researchers measure its effect

  Extraneous Variables ↔️ Researchers need to control them
• Quantitative variables are measured numerically, while qualitative variables are described categorically.
• In a study on sleep deprivation and memory, what is the independent variable?

  Amount of sleep
• Order the roles of variables in designing research:

  1️⃣ Identify the independent variable

  2️⃣ Measure the dependent variable

  3️⃣ Control extraneous variables

  4️⃣ Maintain consistent conditions
• The independent variable (IV) is the factor that researchers manipulate
• Match the variable type with its description:

  Independent Variable (IV) ↔️ Factor manipulated by researchers

  Dependent Variable (DV) ↔️ Factor measured to see effect of IV

  Extraneous Variables ↔️ Other factors influencing results
• What is an example of an extraneous variable in a study on study time and exam performance?

  Participant motivation
• Order the steps involved in categorizing variables in research:

  1️⃣ Identify the factor being manipulated (IV)

  2️⃣ Identify the factor being measured (DV)

  3️⃣ Identify other factors that could influence results (extraneous variables)
• In a study on the effect of study time on exam performance, what is the independent variable?

  Study time
• The independent variable is the factor that researchers manipulate or change to see its effect on the dependent variable.
• Qualitative variables represent non-numerical data, often expressed in categories or descriptions.
• Categorize the following variables based on their role in research:

  1️⃣ Independent Variable (IV)

  2️⃣ Dependent Variable (DV)

  3️⃣ Extraneous Variables
• What is the role of the independent variable in research?

  Causes changes in DV
• The key characteristics of variable types in psychological research are described in the study
• Extraneous variables need to be controlled to ensure accurate findings.
• Quantitative variables are measured numerically, while qualitative variables are described categorically.


  True
• Quantitative research relies on numerical data to establish cause-and-effect relationships.


  True
• In a study on sleep deprivation and memory, the dependent variable is the memory test scores.
• The dependent variable (DV) is affected by the independent variable (IV).


  True
• What is the role of the independent variable (IV) in research?

  Manipulated to see effect
• In a study on sleep and test performance, the IV might be the amount of sleep participants
• What is the dependent variable (DV) in a study on sleep and test performance?

  Test performance
• In a study on the effect of study time on exam performance, the dependent variable is the exam performance.
• The dependent variable is affected by the independent variable in research.


  True
• Quantitative research relies on numerical data to establish cause-and-effect relationships.


  True
• A control variable is a constant factor that prevents unintended influence in research results.
• Extraneous variables must be controlled to ensure accurate findings.

  True
• The independent variable is the factor that researchers measure to determine its effect on the dependent variable.

  False
• What type of data do qualitative variables provide?

  Non-numerical