8.6 Newly Independent States

• What role did nationalist movements play in decolonization?

  Advocated for independence
• Outline the method of gaining independence in Africa:

  1️⃣ Nationalist movements

  2️⃣ Political negotiations

  3️⃣ Some instances of armed struggle
• The impact of decolonization includes reshaping political landscapes, fostering economic growth, and promoting cultural revival
• What influenced the varied processes of gaining independence across Africa, Asia, and Latin America?

  Colonial contexts and strategies
• Arrange the following regions by their primary method of gaining independence:

  1️⃣ Africa: Nationalist movements and political negotiations

  2️⃣ Asia: Nationalist movements and negotiation, with armed conflict

  3️⃣ Latin America: Military campaigns led by criollo elites
• What role did the US play in Latin America during the Cold War?

  Preventing the spread of communism
• What are some positive outcomes in the economic development of newly independent states post-Cold War?

  Growth in manufacturing and foreign investment
• The legacy of newly independent states is a mix of challenges and progress across various sectors.


  True
• What is decolonization?

  Former colonies gain independence
• The weakening of colonial powers after World War II was due to economic exhaustion, military overextension, and international pressure
• In Asia, Mahatma Gandhi played a key role in gaining independence for India
• Match the key leaders with their region:

  Kwame Nkrumah ↔️ Africa

  Mahatma Gandhi ↔️ Asia

  Simón Bolívar ↔️ Latin America
• Nationalist movements and political negotiations were the primary methods of gaining independence in Africa.


  True
• What were the main goals of the US and Soviet Union during the Cold War in newly independent states?

  Political, economic, and ideological influence
• How did the Cold War shape the trajectories of newly independent states?

  Prolonged conflicts and economic dependence
• The establishment of democratic institutions and the rule of law contributed to political stability
• Decolonization led to significant political, economic, and social changes worldwide.

  True
• Match the region with its method of gaining independence:

  Africa ↔️ Nationalist movements and political negotiation

  Asia ↔️ Nationalist movements and negotiation, some armed conflict

  Latin America ↔️ Military campaigns by criollo elites
• What is one of the key factors that weakened colonial powers after World War II?

  Economic exhaustion
• Outline the method of gaining independence in Latin America:

  1️⃣ Military campaigns

  2️⃣ Led by criollo elites
• Which leaders led military campaigns in Latin America against colonial rule?

  Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín
• The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict influenced by the Cold War in Asia.

  True
• Overcoming challenges in newly independent states required effective leadership and international partnerships.


  True
• What role do newly independent states play in global governance post-Cold War?

  Increased participation in international organizations
• Decolonization was driven by nationalist movements, weakening colonial powers, and increased international pressure
• The United Nations and the Cold War rivalry contributed to international pressure for decolonization.


  True
• Economic inequalities and reliance on resource exports were challenges faced by newly independent Latin American states.


  True
• The Cold War rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union influenced international pressure for decolonization.


  True
• In Asia, armed conflict occurred alongside nationalist movements and negotiations
• In Africa, the Cold War led to proxy wars and alignment with either capitalist or communist blocs.
• Match the challenges faced by newly independent states with their examples:

  Political instability ↔️ Ghana, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  Economic struggles ↔️ Indonesia, Bolivia

  Social divisions ↔️ India, Nigeria
• Arrange the following areas by their focus on social progress in newly independent states:

  1️⃣ Gender equality and women's rights

  2️⃣ Improved education and healthcare access

  3️⃣ Reduction in ethnic and religious conflicts