2.1 States of Matter

• The three states of matter differ in their shape, volume, and particle arrangement
• Liquids take the shape of their container but maintain a fixed volume
• Liquids have a fixed volume but variable shape because their particles are closely packed but disordered.

  True
• The disordered, random arrangement of gas particles allows gases to expand and fill their containers.


  True
• Solids have a fixed shape and volume due to their ordered particle arrangement.


  True
• How do particles move in a liquid?

  Freely, close together
• Freezing occurs when a liquid releases heat and solidifies into an ordered structure
• Increasing pressure strengthens intermolecular forces, making it harder for particles to transition to a higher energy state
• Solids maintain their shape and volume because their particles are tightly packed and regularly arranged.


  True
• The disordered particle arrangement in gases allows them to expand and fill their containers.

  True
• In a solid, particles are closely packed and regularly arranged in a fixed, ordered structure
• The properties of matter arise from the arrangement and behavior of their particles
• In solids, particles vibrate in place within a fixed, ordered structure
• What happens to particles during condensation?

  Come closer together
• How does increasing temperature affect particle energy?

  Provides more energy
• Match the state of matter with its shape, volume, and particle arrangement:

  Solid ↔️ Fixed shape, fixed volume, closely packed, ordered

  Liquid ↔️ Takes shape of container, fixed volume, closely packed, disordered

  Gas ↔️ Takes shape of container, expands to fill container, far apart, disordered
• Gases have a fixed shape and volume.

  False
• Gases have widely spaced, disordered particles, allowing them to expand to fill their container
• What are the three states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• Why do gases have no fixed shape or volume?

  Widely spaced particles
• Transitions between states of matter involve energy changes.


  True
• Temperature and pressure are key factors influencing state changes.


  True
• The interplay between temperature and pressure determines the state of matter.


  True