8.1.1 Heart Structure and Function

• What are the three main parts of the heart?

  Atria, ventricles, valves
• What is the role of valves in the heart?

  Ensure unidirectional blood flow
• The ventricles pump blood to the lungs and body.


  True
• Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

  Superior and inferior vena cava
• Match the valve with its function:

  Tricuspid valve ↔️ Allows blood from right atrium to right ventricle

  Pulmonary valve ↔️ Allows blood from right ventricle to pulmonary artery

  Mitral valve ↔️ Allows blood from left atrium to left ventricle

  Aortic valve ↔️ Allows blood from left ventricle to aorta
• The aortic valve controls blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.


  True
• What is the function of the ventricles in the heart?

  Pump blood out
• Match the heart valve with its location:

  Tricuspid valve ↔️ Right atrium and right ventricle

  Pulmonary valve ↔️ Right ventricle and pulmonary artery

  Mitral valve ↔️ Left atrium and left ventricle

  Aortic valve ↔️ Left ventricle and aorta
• The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate.

  False
• The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
• The ventricles pump blood out of the heart.


  True
• Where do the atria receive blood from?

  Body and lungs
• Describe the flow of blood through the heart in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

  2️⃣ Blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle

  3️⃣ Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs

  4️⃣ Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium

  5️⃣ Blood moves from the left atrium to the left ventricle

  6️⃣ Left ventricle pumps blood to the body
• The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.


  True
• The mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
• The valves in the heart ensure blood flows in one direction
• The atria pump blood directly into the lungs.

  False
• The cardiac center is located in the medulla oblongata
• Steps in the flow of blood through the heart

  1️⃣ Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

  2️⃣ Blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle

  3️⃣ The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs

  4️⃣ Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium

  5️⃣ Blood moves from the left atrium to the left ventricle

  6️⃣ The left ventricle pumps blood to the body
• The parasympathetic branch slows heart rate during exercise.

  True
• The atria are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood
• Match the heart part with its function:

  Atria ↔️ Receive blood flowing into the heart

  Ventricles ↔️ Pump blood out of the heart
• The valves in the heart prevent blood backflow
• The tricuspid valve allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
• Which veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium?

  Pulmonary veins
• What does the left ventricle pump blood to?

  Rest of the body
• The valves in the heart prevent blood from flowing backward
• What two factors control the heart rate?

  Autonomic nervous system and hormones
• Which hormone increases heart rate during stress?

  Adrenaline
• Match the heart valve with its function:

  Tricuspid valve ↔️ Prevents backflow into right atrium

  Pulmonary valve ↔️ Ensures blood flows to lungs only

  Mitral valve ↔️ Prevents backflow into left atrium

  Aortic valve ↔️ Ensures blood flows to body only