5.3 Research Studies in Memory

• Both experimental and case study approaches contribute to understanding memory formation, storage, and retrieval
• What are the three distinct stores proposed by the Multi-Store Model?

  Sensory, STM, LTM
• What is the primary goal of memory research?

  Understanding intricate memory processes
• Order the components of the Working Memory Model.

  1️⃣ Central Executive

  2️⃣ Phonological Loop

  3️⃣ Visuospatial Sketchpad

  4️⃣ Episodic Buffer
• Rehearsal is crucial in transferring information from STM to LTM
• STM has a larger capacity than LTM.

  False
• Case studies in memory research can uncover novel phenomena and generate hypotheses for further research.

  True
• Match the type of memory study with its key feature:

  Experimental Studies ↔️ Controlled experiments for cause-and-effect

  Case Studies ↔️ Detailed investigations of unique cases
• Why are memory research studies crucial?

  Understanding human memory processes
• What is the main goal of case studies in memory research?

  Investigating memory disorders
• The short-term memory in the Multi-Store Model holds information for up to 30
• Experimental studies in memory research allow direct cause-and-effect analysis but may lack real-world applicability
• Which two classical studies are influential in memory research?

  Multi-Store Model and Working Memory Model
• Both the Multi-Store Model and Working Memory Model fully explain all aspects of memory.

  False
• What are the components of Baddeley and Hitch's Working Memory Model?

  Central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer
• Declarative memory includes semantic memory and episodic memory.
• Which case study provided insights into the role of the hippocampus in memory formation?

  Patient H.M.
• Case studies lack the controlled conditions of experimental studies, making it difficult to establish cause-and-effect
• What is a key limitation of experimental studies in memory research?

  Lack of real-world applicability
• Case studies in memory research provide precise cause-and-effect analysis.

  False
• The Multi-Store Model highlights the importance of rehearsal for transferring information to long-term memory.


  True
• Match the Working Memory Model component with its function:

  Central Executive ↔️ Allocates cognitive resources

  Phonological Loop ↔️ Stores auditory information

  Visuospatial Sketchpad ↔️ Processes visual information

  Episodic Buffer ↔️ Integrates information into narratives
• Declarative memory includes semantic memory, which stores general knowledge
• Case studies in memory research often involve individuals with memory disorders
• What type of insights do case studies provide into complex memory processes?

  Detailed, qualitative
• Which patient's case provided insights into the role of the hippocampus in memory formation?

  H.M.
• Which brain region is crucial for encoding new memories into long-term memory?

  Hippocampus
• Damage to the hippocampus can result in severe anterograde amnesia
• Environmental or contextual cues can aid memory retrieval
• Match the retrieval factor with its effect on memory:

  Strength of memory trace ↔️ Easier retrieval

  Retrieval cues ↔️ Environmental or contextual aid

  Context of encoding and retrieval ↔️ Facilitates recall
• What is the ultimate goal of memory research?

  Improve human memory
• Case studies offer in-depth insights but have limited generalizability
• The Multi-Store Model is criticized for oversimplifying memory processes
• What is essential for maintaining information in short-term memory and encoding it into long-term memory?

  Rehearsal
• Experimental studies in memory research test specific hypotheses using controlled experiments.


  True
• Match the memory model with its key concept:

  1️⃣ Multi-Store Model

  2️⃣ Rehearsal

  3️⃣ Working Memory Model

  4️⃣ Dual-task interference
• Rehearsal is essential for transferring information from STM to LTM.


  True
• Case studies in memory research provide detailed insights but have limited generalizability.


  True
• The Multi-Store Model proposes that memory consists of three distinct stores: sensory, short-term, and long-term
• Match the memory store with its key characteristics according to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model:

  Sensory ↔️ Large capacity, very short duration

  Short-term ↔️ Limited capacity, up to 30 seconds

  Long-term ↔️ Unlimited capacity, permanent storage