1.5 States of Matter

• Match the state of matter with its characteristics:

  Solid ↔️ Fixed shape and volume, particles closely packed

  Liquid ↔️ Fixed volume, no fixed shape, particles can move freely

  Gas ↔️ No fixed shape or volume, particles spread out and move randomly
• Arrange the following states of matter in order of increasing particle density:

  1️⃣ Gas

  2️⃣ Liquid

  3️⃣ Solid
• Particles in a solid vibrate in fixed positions.


  True
• What keeps particles tightly packed in a solid, giving it a fixed shape and volume?

  Strong intermolecular forces
• The density of a liquid can vary with temperature and composition.


  True
• Gases can be easily squeezed into a smaller volume.
• Order the following phase transitions from solid to gas:

  1️⃣ Melting

  2️⃣ Boiling
• The strength of intermolecular forces determines which state a substance will be in at a given temperature and pressure.
• Match the property of solids with its description:

  Fixed Shape and Volume ↔️ Maintains the same shape and occupies a constant amount of space

  Incompressibility ↔️ Cannot be easily squeezed or compressed

  High Density ↔️ Generally higher mass per unit volume

  Low Particle Movement ↔️ Particles vibrate in fixed positions
• Solids can be easily compressed because their particles are far apart.

  False
• Why are liquids relatively incompressible?

  Particles are closely packed
• Liquids take the shape of their container because their particles can move freely.
• The density of a liquid can vary with temperature and composition.
• Gases are highly compressible because their particles are far apart.


  True
• Match the key characteristic of gases with its cause:

  No Fixed Shape ↔️ Weak intermolecular forces

  Compressibility ↔️ Particles are far apart

  Rapid Movement ↔️ High kinetic energy
• The phase transition from solid to liquid is called melting.
• Match the phase transition with its description:

  Melting ↔️ Solid to liquid

  Boiling ↔️ Liquid to gas

  Sublimation ↔️ Solid to gas

  Condensation ↔️ Gas to liquid

  Freezing ↔️ Liquid to solid
• Why do solids generally have higher densities than liquids and gases?

  Particles are closely packed
• The properties of solids are directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces
• Why do liquids maintain a fixed volume but no fixed shape?

  Particles are closely packed
• Gases have a fixed shape and volume.

  False
• Match the phase transition with its description:

  Boiling ↔️ Liquid to gas

  Condensation ↔️ Gas to liquid

  Melting ↔️ Solid to liquid
• Solids maintain a fixed shape and volume due to strong intermolecular forces.
• What maintains the fixed shape and volume of solids?

  Strong intermolecular forces
• Arrange the states of matter by decreasing density:

  1️⃣ Solids

  2️⃣ Liquids

  3️⃣ Gases
• Liquids maintain a fixed volume because their particles are closely packed.


  True
• Liquids can be compressed as easily as gases due to their particle arrangement.

  False
• Why do gases have no fixed shape or volume?

  Weak intermolecular forces
• What is the primary reason for the rapid movement of gas particles?

  High kinetic energy
• Arrange the phase transitions from solid to gas and back in order:

  1️⃣ Melting

  2️⃣ Boiling

  3️⃣ Sublimation

  4️⃣ Deposition

  5️⃣ Condensation

  6️⃣ Freezing
• What type of energy change occurs during freezing?

  Releases heat
• The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas
• The key difference between the three states of matter is the arrangement and movement of their particles.


  True
• Solids are incompressible because their particles are closely packed
• Low particle movement in solids is due to strong intermolecular forces
• The key factor influencing liquid properties is the strength of intermolecular forces.
• Phase transitions occur when temperature or pressure changes.

  True
• What is an example of melting?

  Ice cubes melting into water
• Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.


  True
• Liquids are less dense than solids but denser than gases.