3.1.1 Planning Investigations

• A problem in an investigation is a broader issue or challenge
• A good hypothesis must be specific, testable, and falsifiable
• Unlike a broad research question, a hypothesis is a specific, testable statement
• The dependent variable is measured to see the effect of the independent variable.


  True
• The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed
• What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

  The variable that is measured
• What is the role of controlled variables in an experiment?

  To isolate the independent variable
• Using complex lab instruments is always more practical than using simple equipment.

  False
• A hypothesis is a proposed answer to the research question that can be tested.


  True
• A hypothesis can be proven true, whereas a research question can only be answered.

  False
• When designing an experimental procedure, the independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed
• In an experiment studying the effect of temperature on photosynthesis, what is the dependent variable?

  Rate of photosynthesis
• Controlled variables are kept constant to isolate the effect of the independent variable.


  True
• Why is it important to isolate the effect of the independent variable in an experiment?

  To draw accurate conclusions
• What is accuracy in data collection methods?

  Precise and exact measurements
• A risk assessment plan identifies potential risks and outlines strategies to minimize or prevent
• Graphing data can help identify trends and relationships between variables.


  True
• Arrange the steps in planning an investigation in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Identify the research question or problem

  2️⃣ Formulate testable hypotheses

  3️⃣ Design an experimental procedure

  4️⃣ Identify dependent, independent, and control variables

  5️⃣ Select appropriate data collection methods

  6️⃣ Develop a risk assessment plan

  7️⃣ Outline data analysis techniques
• A research question is specific and answerable, while a problem is broader and describes the overall issue being addressed.

  True
• A falsifiable hypothesis can be proven false through experimentation.

  True
• Arrange the steps in designing an experimental procedure:

  1️⃣ Identify the independent variable

  2️⃣ Identify the dependent variable

  3️⃣ Identify the controlled variables

  4️⃣ Outline the experimental procedure
• Controlled variables are kept constant to isolate the effect of the independent variable
• Controlled variables are kept constant to ensure the experiment is valid and the results are accurate.


  True
• The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed
• When measuring temperature, a digital thermometer is more accurate than a mercury thermometer
• A research question is a specific, answerable question that the investigation aims to address
• A good hypothesis must be specific and state the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
• What is an example of a testable hypothesis for the research question "How does temperature affect photosynthesis in aquatic plants?"

  Increasing temperature will increase photosynthesis
• Why is it important to identify controlled variables in an experimental procedure?

  To isolate the effect of the independent variable
• The independent variable is the variable you will manipulate or change
• Steps to design an experimental procedure

  1️⃣ Identify the independent variable

  2️⃣ Identify the dependent variable

  3️⃣ Identify the controlled variables

  4️⃣ Outline a detailed, step-by-step plan
• The dependent variable is the outcome or effect
• Reliability in data collection means the method consistently yields the same results under similar conditions.

  True
• Steps in creating a risk assessment plan

  1️⃣ Identify potential hazards

  2️⃣ Evaluate risk likelihood and severity

  3️⃣ Develop mitigation measures
• What statistical test can determine if observed differences in the dependent variable are significant?

  T-test or ANOVA
• What is a research question in an investigation?

  A specific, answerable question
• What is a hypothesis in an investigation?

  A testable explanation
• Why is a hypothesis considered falsifiable in scientific investigations?

  It can be proven false
• What is the independent variable in an experiment?

  The variable you manipulate
• What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

  The variable that is measured