3.1.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System

• The spinal cord transmits information and coordinates reflexes.

  True
• The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body
• Match the neuron part with its function:

  Cell Body (Soma) ↔️ Maintains neuron function

  Dendrites ↔️ Receives signals from other neurons

  Axon ↔️ Conducts signals away from cell body
• The PNS transmits information to and from the CNS.

  True
• What are the two main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  Brain and Spinal Cord
• Synaptic transmission is a chemical process that allows neurons to communicate.


  True
• What is the mechanism of the reflex arc?

  Automatic response to stimuli
• Match the nervous system component with its function:

  Central Nervous System (CNS) ↔️ Processes information

  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ↔️ Transmits information to CNS
• Neurons are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system
• What is the role of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?

  Transmit chemical signals
• The skull protects the brain and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.


  True
• What are the two components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  Brain and Spinal Cord
• Arrange the components of the nervous system based on their primary function in processing information:

  1️⃣ Sensory Receptors

  2️⃣ Sensory Nerves

  3️⃣ Central Nervous System (CNS)

  4️⃣ Motor Nerves

  5️⃣ Effector Organs
• What type of nerves does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) use to transmit information?

  Sensory and Motor Nerves
• What are the junctions between neurons called where signals are transmitted chemically?

  Synapses
• What two structures make up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  Brain and Spinal Cord
• What two components make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

  Brain and spinal cord
• Match the type of nerve with its function:

  Sensory nerves ↔️ Carry information to the CNS

  Motor nerves ↔️ Transmit commands from the CNS
• What part of the neuron conducts signals away from the cell body?

  Axon
• During synaptic transmission, calcium ions trigger the release of neurotransmitters
• Acetylcholine is involved in muscle control.

  True
• The nervous system coordinates and controls body functions using the CNS and PNS.


  True
• The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.
• What is the nervous system's primary role in the body?

  Communication network
• The PNS allows for rapid communication and response to stimuli.


  True
• What is the function of the brain within the CNS?

  Processes sensory information
• Match the PNS nerve type with its function:

  Sensory Nerves ↔️ Carry sensory information

  Motor Nerves ↔️ Transmit commands to muscles
• What are neurons responsible for in the nervous system?

  Transmitting signals
• What is the role of motor neurons in the nervous system?

  Control voluntary movements
• What are neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?

  Chemical messengers
• Steps in synaptic transmission

  1️⃣ Action potential reaches presynaptic neuron

  2️⃣ Calcium ions enter, triggering neurotransmitter release

  3️⃣ Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft

  4️⃣ Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on postsynaptic neuron

  5️⃣ Receptor activation causes a postsynaptic potential

  6️⃣ Neurotransmitters are cleared from the cleft
• What are neurotransmitters responsible for in the nervous system?

  Chemical messengers
• Saltatory conduction allows for faster nerve impulse transmission in myelinated neurons


  True
• What is the purpose of a reflex arc?

  Rapid, automatic responses
• Match the structure with its protective role:

  Skull ↔️ Protects the brain

  Vertebrae ↔️ Protects the spinal cord
• The nervous system is the body's communication network
• Match the type of neuron with its function:

  Sensory Neuron ↔️ Carries information from body to brain

  Motor Neuron ↔️ Carries commands from brain to muscles

  Interneuron ↔️ Connects sensory and motor neurons
• The myelin sheath insulates the axon to speed up impulse transmission
• Arrange the components of the nervous system in order from largest to smallest:

  1️⃣ Nervous System

  2️⃣ Central Nervous System (CNS)

  3️⃣ Brain

  4️⃣ Neurons
• The brain is the control center that processes sensory information