1.2.3 Theories of Perception

• Sensory input refers to the raw data received by the sense organs
• What does the Gestalt perception theory emphasize?

  Perceiving objects as organized wholes
• What is depth perception achieved through?

  Binocular and monocular cues
• Depth perception is crucial for tasks like navigating our surroundings and catching a ball.


  True
• The principle of closure allows us to recognize a broken circle as a complete shape.


  True
• What binocular cue involves the inward turning of the eyes to focus on near objects?

  Convergence
• What does Gibson's ecological theory propose about perception?

  It is direct
• Feature analysis identifies objects based on their distinctive features.


  True
• Steps involved in identifying the smell of pizza

  1️⃣ Smelling the aroma

  2️⃣ Combining the aroma with past memories

  3️⃣ Identifying the smell as pizza

  4️⃣ Triggering hunger
• What binocular cue relies on the difference in images seen by each eye?

  Retinal disparity
• What are the two types of cues used in depth perception?

  Binocular and monocular
• Match the monocular cue with its description:

  Relative size ↔️ Larger objects appear closer

  Interposition ↔️ Closer objects block faraway objects

  Linear perspective ↔️ Parallel lines converge in the distance
• What is the visual array in Gibson's ecological theory?

  Arrangement of light and surfaces
• Pattern recognition theories attempt to explain how we identify and categorize objects
• Prototype matching involves comparing sensory input with a generalized prototype
• Template matching allows us to recognize a familiar logo even from a distance.


  True
• What is the definition of perception?

  Organizing and interpreting sensory information
• The principle of closure suggests that we fill in missing gaps to see complete shapes.


  True
• Order the steps involved in depth perception using binocular cues:

  1️⃣ Image seen differently by each eye

  2️⃣ Brain combines images

  3️⃣ Distance perceived
• The Gestalt principle of proximity states that we group nearby objects together
• Depth perception is the ability to perceive the relative distance of objects
• Linear perspective causes parallel lines to appear to converge in the distance.


  True
• Which pattern recognition theory compares sensory input with stored templates?

  Template matching
• Meaningful experiences are created by understanding and making sense of sensory data
• The Gestalt principles demonstrate how our brain organizes sensory information into meaningful perceptions.


  True
• Depth perception is the ability to perceive the relative distance of objects
• Convergence refers to the inward turning of the eyes to focus on near objects
• Gibson's ecological theory emphasizes the concept of affordances, which are the possibilities for action
• What is an example of an affordance according to Gibson's theory?

  A door affords entry
• What is a key advantage of feature analysis in pattern recognition?

  Flexibility with variations
• How does a user-friendly website illustrate Gibson's Ecological Theory?

  Buttons show affordances
• Perception combines current sensory input with past memories to create meaningful experiences.


  True
• The Gestalt principle of proximity states that we group nearby objects together
• Match the binocular cue with its description:

  Retinal disparity ↔️ Differences in images seen by each eye

  Convergence ↔️ Inward turning of eyes to focus
• What does Gestalt perception theory emphasize about how we perceive objects?

  Organized wholes
• What is an example of the figure-ground principle in the vase-face illusion?

  Seeing either a vase or faces
• Relative size is a monocular cue where larger objects appear closer
• Gibson's ecological theory emphasizes that we perceive the meaningful affordances of objects without complex processing
• What is the definition of perception in psychology?

  Organizing and interpreting sensory input
• Which Gestalt principle is illustrated by the vase-face illusion?

  Figure-ground