3.4 Solutions and Mixtures

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture where the solute is evenly dispersed throughout the solvent.homogeneous
• A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout.uniform
• Homogeneous mixtures have a composition that is uniform throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures have a composition that is variable.
• Heterogeneous mixtures have multiple, distinct phases.
• A heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition
• Homogeneous mixtures can be separated by physical means.

  False
• What is the definition of solubility?

  Maximum solute in solvent
• What does the "like dissolves like" principle refer to?

  Polarity of solute/solvent
• Polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents.

  False
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture with the solute evenly dispersed in the solvent
• A mixture can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous
• A solution is stable and does not separate, while a mixture may be unstable
• A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition
• What is a homogeneous mixture characterized by?

  Uniform composition
• What is a heterogeneous mixture characterized by?

  Non-uniform composition
• Solubility forms a saturated solution.

  True
• Order the factors affecting solubility from most to least significant for solids in liquids:

  1️⃣ Temperature

  2️⃣ Nature of Solute and Solvent

  3️⃣ Pressure
• What is an example of a polar solute and a polar solvent that dissolve effectively together?

  Sugar and water
• Mass percent is expressed as the mass of solute per 100 g of solution.

  True
• Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
• To convert from molarity to molality, the density of the solution must be known.
• What is the definition of molality (m)?

  Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
• Molality depends only on the amount of solute and the mass of the solvent.


  True
• What are two examples of heterogeneous mixtures?

  Sand and water, oil and vinegar
• Heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition and unevenly distributed components.


  True
• What are two examples of heterogeneous mixtures?

  Sand and water, oil and vinegar
• Match the mixture type with its example:

  Homogeneous Mixture ↔️ Saltwater

  Heterogeneous Mixture ↔️ Oil and vinegar
• A homogeneous mixture has a variable composition throughout.

  False
• Match the type of mixture with its example:

  Homogeneous ↔️ Saltwater

  Heterogeneous ↔️ Oil and vinegar
• For most solids in liquids, solubility increases with higher temperature
• Steps of how temperature affects solubility for solids in liquids:

  1️⃣ Increase temperature

  2️⃣ Provide more kinetic energy

  3️⃣ Break solute bonds

  4️⃣ Dissolve more substance
• When is solubility higher for a solute and solvent?

  Similar intermolecular forces
• A solution is unstable and separates over time.

  False
• All mixtures are stable and do not separate.

  False
• A mixture can have a clear or cloudy appearance.


  True
• A heterogeneous mixture has multiple distinct phases.


  True
• Components in a homogeneous mixture are visually indistinguishable.


  True
• Components in a heterogeneous mixture are evenly distributed.

  False
• How does temperature affect the solubility of most solids in liquids?

  Increases solubility
• Which law describes the effect of pressure on gas solubility?

  Henry's law