1.2.2 Visual Cues and Constancies

• Monocular cues require the use of both eyes.

  False
• Size constancy allows us to perceive an object as having the same size even when its distance changes.
• The angle at which the eyes converge to focus on nearby objects is called convergence
• Closer objects appear larger than those further away
• Light and shadow provide information about shape and depth.


  True
• Convergence refers to the angle at which the eyes focus on nearby objects.


  True
• Size constancy uses relative size and linear perspective cues
• What does relative size tell us about depth?

  Closer objects appear larger
• Match the type of visual cue with its definition:

  Monocular cues ↔️ Available to each eye individually

  Binocular cues ↔️ Require the use of both eyes
• Brightness constancy ensures an object's brightness remains the same despite changes in lighting
• Perceptual constancies enable us to perceive objects as having consistent size, shape, and brightness
• Perceptual constancies allow us to maintain a stable visual world despite changing visual information.

  True
• Arrange the binocular cues from most effective for nearby objects to most effective for depth across a range of distances.

  1️⃣ Convergence

  2️⃣ Binocular disparity
• What monocular cue relies on the principle that closer objects appear larger than distant objects of the same size?

  Relative size
• Depth cues and past experiences are used in size constancy to adjust our perception of size.


  True
• Brightness constancy uses light and shadow cues to perceive consistent brightness
• Binocular cues require the use of only one eye to perceive depth.

  False
• Visual cues can be divided into two main categories: monocular and binocular
• What are perceptual constancies essential for?

  Stable perception of objects
• Which visual cues are used for size constancy?

  Relative size and linear perspective
• What happens to parallel lines in linear perspective?

  They converge in the distance
• What happens to texture in a texture gradient as it gets closer?

  It becomes coarser
• What is binocular disparity?

  Differences between eye images
• Perceptual constancies allow us to perceive objects as having consistent properties despite changes in retinal images.


  True
• What cues are used for brightness constancy?

  Light and shadow
• Binocular disparity uses the slight differences between eye images to calculate depth.


  True
• What illusion of depth does linear perspective create?

  Parallel lines converge
• In relative size, closer objects appear larger
• What is an example of shape constancy in action?

  A plate viewed from the side
• Why are perceptual constancies important for interacting with the world?

  Stable visual perception
• Match the perceptual constancy with its defining visual cue:

  Size constancy ↔️ Relative size and linear perspective

  Shape constancy ↔️ Interposition and texture gradient

  Brightness constancy ↔️ Light and shadow
• What is the binocular cue that relies on the slight differences between the images seen by each eye?

  Binocular disparity
• Which monocular cue involves parallel lines appearing to converge in the distance, creating an illusion of depth?

  Linear perspective
• What visual cue in shape constancy occurs when one object partially blocks another, indicating the overlapping object is closer?

  Interposition
• Match the visual cue or constancy with its correct role in depth perception:

  Monocular cues ↔️ Provide depth information using one eye

  Binocular cues ↔️ Provide depth information using both eyes

  Perceptual constancies ↔️ Maintain stable perception despite sensory changes
• What are visual cues used for?

  Depth and spatial perception
• Match the visual cue with its definition:

  Linear perspective ↔️ Parallel lines converging in the distance

  Binocular disparity ↔️ Slight differences between images seen by each eye

  Convergence ↔️ Angle at which eyes focus on nearby objects
• Shape constancy ensures an object is perceived as the same shape regardless of viewing angle.

  True
• Binocular cues rely on the use of both eyes for depth perception.


  True
• Interposition occurs when objects overlap each other.


  True