3.7 The Early Republic

• The Articles of Confederation included an executive and a judiciary.

  False
• The Articles of Confederation successfully guided the U.S. through the Revolutionary War.


  True
• The Articles of Confederation maintained state sovereignty at the expense of federal unity.


  True
• What was the Great Compromise and what issue did it resolve?

  Representation in Congress
• What type of system did the Constitutional Convention establish to balance federal and state power?

  Federal system
• The lack of direct taxation under the Articles of Confederation made it difficult to fund the government.
• The delegates at the Constitutional Convention debated the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
• The Three-Fifths Compromise counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation.
• Federalism establishes a strong central government while states retain significant autonomy.


  True
• Match the key issue with its resolution during the Constitutional Convention:

  Federalism ↔️ Federal system with strong central government and autonomous state governments

  Representation ↔️ Great Compromise: Bicameral legislature with Senate (equal) and House (proportional)

  Slavery ↔️ Three-Fifths Compromise: Slaves counted as 3/5 person for representation and taxation
• The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to address concerns raised by the Anti-Federalists
• Which amendment guarantees freedom of speech, religion, the press, assembly, and petition?

  1st Amendment
• Match the Bill of Rights amendment with its purpose:

  1st Amendment ↔️ Ensures individuals can express themselves freely and participate in civic life

  2nd Amendment ↔️ Guarantees citizens' right to possess firearms for self-defense

  4th Amendment ↔️ Safeguards individual privacy and property from unwarranted government intrusion
• The Articles of Confederation lacked a central authority, including an executive and judiciary
• What principle did the Articles of Confederation maintain to ensure state autonomy?

  State sovereignty
• The Constitutional Convention established a federal system with a strong central government and state governments retaining significant autonomy
• Match each key issue with the Federalist and Anti-Federalist viewpoints during the Constitutional Convention:

  Federalism ↔️ Strong central government vs. limited central government

  Representation ↔️ Large republic vs. local representation

  Slavery ↔️ No explicit protection vs. Bill of Rights
• The Second Amendment guarantees the right to bear arms for self-defense.


  True
• What is the Bill of Rights?

  First ten amendments
• The Second Amendment guarantees the right to bear arms
• What does the Sixth Amendment guarantee?

  Right to a speedy and public trial
• What are the three branches of the U.S. government?

  Executive, legislative, judicial
• The judicial branch interprets laws and resolves legal disputes.


  True
• What was the purpose of the First Bank of the United States?

  Provide stable currency
• Match the foreign policy event with its key figure:

  Neutrality Proclamation ↔️ George Washington

  Jay's Treaty ↔️ John Jay

  Pinckney's Treaty ↔️ Spain
• What was the purpose of establishing the First Bank of the United States?

  Provide stable currency
• Key issues addressed during the Constitutional Convention:

  1️⃣ Federalism: Debates on the balance of power

  2️⃣ Representation: The Great Compromise

  3️⃣ Slavery: The Three-Fifths Compromise
• The Three-Fifths Compromise counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation.


  True
• The Three-Fifths Compromise addressed the issue of slavery by explicitly protecting it in the Bill of Rights.

  False
• The Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791 and comprises the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.


  True
• Which branch of government enforces laws and commands the military?

  Executive
• The federal government addressed the national debt by assuming state debts and implementing tariffs and excise taxes
• Match the treaty with its primary outcome:

  Jay's Treaty ↔️ Resolved trade and territory disputes with Britain

  Pinckney's Treaty ↔️ Secured trade terms and access to Mississippi River with Spain
• Hamilton's plan included protective tariffs to support U.S. industries
• The First Bank of the United States was created to provide a stable currency
• Chronological order of events related to the Whiskey Rebellion

  1️⃣ Excise tax on whiskey is levied

  2️⃣ Uprising against the tax begins

  3️⃣ President Washington sends military force

  4️⃣ Rebellion is suppressed
• The Federalists favored a strong central government, while the Anti-Federalists preferred a limited one.


  True
• The Articles of Confederation maintained state sovereignty
• The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787
• The Three-Fifths Compromise counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation