3.1.2.1 Crime and ethnicity

• What is the sociological definition of crime?

  Violates formal written laws
• Crime specifically refers to actions that break laws, while deviance includes behaviors that deviate from social norms.


  True
• Why may lower socio-economic groups commit more crimes according to sociologists?

  Limited opportunities
• Match the racial or ethnic group with an example of their overrepresentation in crime statistics:

  African Americans ↔️ Arrest for drug offenses

  Hispanics/Latinos ↔️ Incarceration for immigration violations

  Indigenous Peoples ↔️ Violent crime victimization
• What is the difference between crime and deviance?

  Crime breaks laws; deviance deviates from norms
• Match the factor with its example:

  Ethnicity ↔️ Arrest rates for drug offenses among African Americans

  Class ↔️ Theft in impoverished neighborhoods

  Gender ↔️ Higher rates of assault by men
• What role do socio-economic factors play in shaping crime rates within different ethnic groups?

  They contribute to higher rates of criminal behavior
• Policing and criminal justice practices often involve racial profiling and disproportionate targeting
• Order the key cultural and community-level factors that influence crime rates among minority groups:

  1️⃣ Norms and Values

  2️⃣ Attitudes Towards Authority

  3️⃣ Poverty and Lack of Economic Opportunities

  4️⃣ Weak Social Institutions and Resources
• What can limited legitimate employment options drive individuals to do for survival?

  Engage in illegal activities
• Distrust of law enforcement can lead to a reluctance to report crimes.


  True
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Crime ↔️ Violates written laws

  Deviance ↔️ Departs from social norms
• Which racial group has higher arrest rates for drug offenses compared to their population share?

  African Americans
• Policing and criminal justice practices often involve disproportionate targeting of ethnic minority groups, leading to their overrepresentation in crime statistics and incarceration rates.
• Ethnic minorities face harsher charging, prosecution, and sentencing compared to white offenders for similar crimes.
• Cultural norms such as a greater emphasis on honor or retaliation may contribute to higher rates of violent crime in some minority communities.
• Order the key concepts of labeling theory as they influence criminal behavior:

  1️⃣ Societal labeling

  2️⃣ Internalization of the label

  3️⃣ Self-fulfilling prophecy
• What are the two main methods researchers use to study crime and ethnicity?

  Quantitative and qualitative
• Deviance is behavior that departs from social norms and values, causing disapproval from others
• Some ethnic groups may be over-represented in crime statistics due to social inequality and discrimination
• Patterns in criminal and deviant behavior highlight underlying social inequalities.

  True
• Deviance is behavior that departs from social norms and values, causing disapproval from others
• What is the social distribution of crime and deviance influenced by?

  Social inequalities
• The social distribution of crime and deviance refers to how these behaviors are clustered in certain groups or communities
• Crime rates are typically higher among young adults and adolescents.


  True
• African Americans have higher arrest rates for drug offenses compared to their population share.


  True
• Which minority group experiences disproportionately high rates of violent crime victimization in some regions?

  Indigenous Peoples
• What challenges do Hispanic/Latino communities face that contribute to overrepresentation in crime statistics?

  Immigration status and language barriers
• What is the impact of biases in the criminal justice system on ethnic minorities?

  Harsher charging and sentencing
• Distrust of law enforcement can lead to a reluctance to report crimes or cooperate with authorities
• What cultural norm may contribute to higher rates of violent crime in some minority communities?

  Emphasis on honor
• What is the key difference between crime and deviance?

  Crime breaks laws
• Crime rates are typically higher among young adults and adolescents, often decreasing with age.
• What is the term for disproportionate targeting of ethnic minority groups by law enforcement?

  Racial profiling
• Match the issue with its impact on crime and justice:

  Racial Profiling ↔️ More likely to be stopped and arrested

  Biases in the Criminal Justice System ↔️ Harsher charging and sentencing

  Systemic Racism ↔️ Overrepresentation in crime statistics
• What are the two main categories of factors influencing crime among minority groups?

  Cultural and community-level
• Match the community-level factor with its impact on crime rates:

  Poverty and Lack of Economic Opportunities ↔️ Engage in illegal activities for survival

  Weak Social Institutions and Resources ↔️ Increases risk factors for crime

  Neighborhood Disorganization ↔️ Creates an environment for criminal behavior
• Gang members adopting violent norms and rejecting conventional values is an example of subcultural theory.

  True
• Examining disproportionate arrest rates for drug offenses among African Americans is an example of a quantitative study.


  True
• How are crime and deviance related in sociology?

  They often overlap