1.1.2 Structures of Memory

• Arrange the memory stores in the order proposed by the Multi-Store Model of Memory.

  1️⃣ Sensory Memory

  2️⃣ Short-Term Memory

  3️⃣ Long-Term Memory
• Long-term memory stores information for extended periods, potentially a lifetime
• Match each memory store with its correct capacity and duration.

  Sensory Memory ↔️ Large capacity, less than 1 second duration

  Short-Term Memory ↔️ Limited capacity, 15-30 seconds duration

  Long-Term Memory ↔️ Vast capacity, potentially lifetime duration
• What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information called?

  Memory
• Short-term memory can hold information indefinitely without rehearsal.

  False
• What is the duration of short-term memory without rehearsal?

  15-30 seconds
• Procedural memories are more vulnerable to forgetting than declarative memories.

  False
• In Sensory Memory, encoding involves the initial registration and brief holding of sensory information from the environment
• Elaboration in Long-Term Memory involves connecting new information to existing knowledge
• Match the memory processes with their descriptions:

  Encoding ↔️ Converting information into a format that can be stored.

  Storage ↔️ Maintaining information in the brain for later use.

  Retrieval ↔️ Accessing stored information when needed.
• Short-Term Memory has a limited capacity of around 7 plus or minus 2 items
• Long-Term Memory can be divided into two main types: declarative and nondeclarative
• Match the memory store with its duration:

  Sensory Memory ↔️ Less than 1 second

  Short-Term Memory (STM) ↔️ 15-30 seconds

  Long-Term Memory (LTM) ↔️ Potentially lifetime
• Encoding is the process of converting information into a format that can be stored in the brain
• What is the approximate duration of information in short-term memory?

  15-30 seconds
• What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information called?

  Memory
• Sensory memory briefly holds information from the senses for less than a second.


  True
• Retrieval is the process of accessing stored information when needed.


  True
• Transferring information from STM to LTM requires the process of encoding
• What is the purpose of retrieval in the memory process?

  Access stored information
• What process transfers information from STM to LTM in the Multi-Store Model?

  Encoding
• Match the memory store with its capacity and duration:

  Sensory Memory ↔️ Large capacity, less than 1 second

  Short-Term Memory (STM) ↔️ Limited capacity, 15-30 seconds

  Long-Term Memory (LTM) ↔️ Vast capacity, potentially lifetime
• What encoding process is used in STM to maintain information?

  Rehearsal
• In Short-Term Memory, encoding involves actively rehearsing or repeating the information
• Retrieving information from Long-Term Memory can be more effortful
• Long-Term Memory stores information for extended periods, potentially a lifetime.


  True
• Sensory Memory has a large capacity but a brief duration.


  True
• What is the typical duration of Short-Term Memory (STM)?

  15-30 seconds
• What are the two main types of Long-Term Memory (LTM)?

  Declarative and procedural
• Order the stages of encoding in the Multi-Store Model of Memory:

  1️⃣ Initial registration of sensory information in Sensory Memory

  2️⃣ Rehearsal to maintain information in Short-Term Memory (STM)

  3️⃣ Elaboration or organization to transfer to Long-Term Memory (LTM)
• Match the memory store with its retrieval process:

  Sensory Memory ↔️ Automatic retrieval without conscious effort

  Short-Term Memory (STM) ↔️ Retrieval requires conscious effort

  Long-Term Memory (LTM) ↔️ Retrieval involves searching stored knowledge
• Working Memory involves actively manipulating information, while Short-Term Memory (STM) only stores it temporarily.

  True
• Transferring information from Short-Term Memory (STM) to Long-Term Memory (LTM) requires a process called encoding.
• Declarative memories are more durable than procedural memories.

  False
• Elaboration in encoding involves connecting new information to existing knowledge in Long-Term Memory (LTM).
• Working Memory is built upon the foundation of Short-Term Memory.
• Working Memory is crucial for tasks such as solving math problems or following complex instructions.
• What is the primary role of sensory memory in the Multi-Store Model?

  Acts as an initial buffer
• Memory is a process that allows us to retain experiences and knowledge over time.

  True
• What is the duration of sensory memory?

  Less than 1 second