kinetic molecular theory

• what is KMT - explains the states of matter, and is based on the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles that are always in motion
• the assumptions of KMT are:

  • all matter consists of small particles
  • there are spaces in between these particles
  • these particles are constantly moving
  • there are forces of attraction and repulsion between these particles
• Properties of gas particles

  • Particles are far apart and gases can therefore be compressed.

  • Motion is rapid and disorderly and gases undergo diffusion

  • Weak forces of attraction. Particles can collide with each other and with the sides of a container (These collisions with the sides of the container cause pressure).
• diffusion - spontaneous mixing that takes place between different gases or liquids
• Properties of liquid particles

  • Particles are closer together than that of a gas and liquids can therefore not be compressed as much.

  • Motion is also disorderly and diffusion also takes place.

  • Forces of attraction are stronger than in gases.

  • Particles move over shorter distances between collisions.
• Properties of solid particles

  • Particles are arranged in orderly crystal structures.

  • Particles vibrate.

  • Packing of particles is tight and the solid can therefore not be compressed.

  • Forces of attraction are strong and solids are therefore hard