6.3 Cities and Globalization

• Globalization has no impact on urban development.

  False
• How does cultural diffusion occur in globalized cities?

  Through exchange of ideas
• What is the economic impact of globalization on cities?

  Growth of global cities
• Cultural diversity and increased innovation are positive effects of globalization on urban culture
• Urban diversity in globalized cities is a result of cultural diffusion
• The presence of TNCs always reduces income inequality within cities.

  False
• What are the negative effects of TNCs on urban economies?

  Income inequality, displacement of businesses
• The transportation needs of TNCs can lead to the development of infrastructure like highways and ports.

  True
• Steps in the process of TNCs' outsourcing and offshoring activities

  1️⃣ TNCs decide to reduce costs by moving operations

  2️⃣ They identify locations with lower labor costs

  3️⃣ Jobs and industries are outsourced

  4️⃣ Specialized industrial clusters grow in cities
• Global trade expands market access for local businesses, increasing sales and profits.


  True
• Globalization involves the increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies, cultures, and populations
• Globalization has led to the growth of global cities
• What type of environments has globalization created in urban spaces?

  Vibrant but complex
• What role do transnational corporations play in shaping cities?

  Major drivers of urban change
• What are the environmental consequences of globalization in urban areas?

  Increased pollution and resource depletion
• Globalization leads to cultural diffusion through the exchange of ideas and lifestyles
• Globalization has transformed urban spaces into vibrant but complex environments.


  True
• Globalization creates only positive transformations in urban environments.

  False
• How do TNCs influence the physical layout of cities?

  Build large corporate campuses
• What is a specialized industrial cluster in cities often associated with?

  Growth of TNCs
• What may TNCs do to urban neighborhoods to accommodate their facilities?

  Displace or gentrify
• TNCs' spatial impact includes building corporate campuses and office complexes.


  True
• What is a potential negative effect of global trade on domestic industries?

  Deindustrialization
• In a pre-globalized era, trade was localized and limited by transportation.


  True
• What is globalization?

  Increasing interconnectedness and interdependence
• What are the effects of globalization on migration patterns?

  Increased cross-border mobility
• The increased connectivity and interdependence of the modern world is a defining feature of globalization.

  True
• What are the positive effects of globalization on urban economies?

  Job creation, infrastructure development
• How does globalization contribute to the growth of global cities?

  International trade and finance hubs
• TNCs establish global headquarters and regional offices in major cities
• TNCs may displace or gentrify urban neighborhoods to accommodate their facilities.


  True
• How do TNCs influence the physical layout of cities?

  By building large campuses
• Where do TNCs typically establish their global headquarters and regional offices?

  Major cities
• Global trade significantly shapes city economies by influencing economic growth, job creation, and income distribution
• Which city transformed from a fishing village to a major manufacturing hub due to global trade?

  Shenzhen
• Globalization results in cultural diffusion through the exchange of ideas and lifestyles
• Globalization significantly influences urban development by affecting economies, cultures, and social structures
• Match the aspect with its positive and negative effects:

  Economy ↔️ Job creation, increased inequality

  Culture ↔️ Cultural diversity, loss of traditions

  Social Structures ↔️ Enhanced connectivity, rising housing costs
• Outsourcing and offshoring by TNCs can lead to the growth of specialized industrial clusters.


  True
• The headquarters of tech giants like Google and Amazon have transformed cities like San Francisco