1.4 Social Variation

• Higher social classes tend to use more formal language varieties than lower social classes.


  True
• Which ethnic group is associated with African American Vernacular English (AAVE)?

  African American
• What is an example of a distinctive language variety developed by an ethnic minority group?

  AAVE
• Match the feature with its description:

  Social Dialect ↔️ Variations in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation

  Accent ↔️ Variations in pronunciation only
• What type of language do older speakers often use?

  Traditional language
• Match the term with its definition:

  Social dialects ↔️ Variations in language based on social factors

  Accents ↔️ Specific pronunciation patterns within dialects
• What cultural aspects do social dialects reflect?

  Cultural and social contexts
• Why is understanding language differences important in social dialects?

  Cultural significance and social identity
• What type of language do younger speakers often use?

  Innovative language
• Accents reflect broader cultural and social contexts.

  False
• Accents are influenced by social identity and group affiliation

  False
• Vernacular dialects often omit copula verbs


  True
• Vernacular dialects often have distinct accents and stress patterns
• Younger speakers often use more innovative language features, while older speakers use more traditional language.
• Language reflects social background and group affiliation


  True
• Younger speakers often use more innovative language features, while older speakers use more traditional language.innovative
• Higher social classes tend to use more formal, standard language varieties.formal
• Higher classes might say "One should use proper etiquette," while lower classes might say "You gotta have manners."
• Social dialects include variations in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, while accents focus solely on pronunciation.pronunciation
• Females often use more prestige forms of language.


  True
• What type of language variations are included in social dialects?

  Grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation
• Accents focus primarily on how words are pronounced.


  True
• Social variation arises due to differences in language use caused by various social factors
• Social factors influence the diversity of language within a speech community.


  True
• What are social dialects influenced by?

  Social factors
• What is an example of a social dialect?

  Cockney
• Why is understanding linguistic differences in dialects important?

  Cultural significance
• Which gender is more likely to use prestige forms in language?

  Females
• Social variation refers to the differences in language use that arise due to various social factors.social
• Match the social factor with its impact on language variation:

  Social Class ↔️ Formal vs. informal language

  Age ↔️ Innovative vs. traditional language

  Gender ↔️ Prestige vs. vernacular forms

  Ethnicity ↔️ Distinctive cultural varieties
• Younger speakers often use slang and text abbreviations in their language.

  True
• Females often use prestige forms of language, while males use vernacular forms.


  True
• What influences an accent?

  Geographic region
• Ethnic minority groups may develop distinctive language varieties reflecting their cultural identity
• African American Vernacular English is an example of a social dialect
• Match the feature with its example in Standard English or Vernacular Dialects:

  Grammar ↔️ Use of passive voice

  Lexicon ↔️ Formal vocabulary

  Phonology ↔️ Consistent pronunciation

  Vernacular Grammar ↔️ Double negatives
• Higher social classes tend to use more formal language varieties.

  True
• What is the primary difference between social dialects and accents?

  Pronunciation only vs. grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation
• Social dialects differ from accents in their inclusion of variations in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation
• Social dialects reflect broader cultural and social contexts, while accents focus on pronunciation