2.3.2 Extraction Methods

• More reactive metals require energy-intensive extraction methods like electrolysis
• Which metals are commonly extracted using reduction with carbon?

  Iron, copper, zinc
• Steps in the displacement reaction method for extracting iron:

  1️⃣ React iron oxide with carbon

  2️⃣ Heat the mixture

  3️⃣ Carbon reduces iron oxide

  4️⃣ Iron is produced
• The cost of reduction with carbon is low
• Metal extraction refers to obtaining a metal from its ore.


  True
• Which extraction method is used for highly reactive metals like aluminum?

  Electrolysis
• What is the chemical equation for the extraction of iron from iron oxide using carbon?

  $Fe_{2}O_{3} +$$3C \rightarrow 2Fe +$$3CO$
• Arrange the key steps in the electrolysis process:

  1️⃣ Electrolyte preparation

  2️⃣ Electrode setup

  3️⃣ Current application

  4️⃣ Metal deposition
• The choice of metal extraction technique depends on balancing the reactivity of the metal, ore availability, and overall cost.


  True
• What is the term for obtaining a metal from its ore?

  Metal extraction
• Biological extraction uses microorganisms for extracting metals.


  True
• Carbon is more reactive than iron in the displacement reaction with iron oxide.


  True
• Electrolysis is effective for extracting highly reactive metals like sodium and aluminum.

  True
• Match the metal extraction method with examples of metals extracted:

  Reduction with carbon ↔️ Iron, copper, zinc

  Electrolysis ↔️ Sodium, magnesium, aluminum

  Biological extraction ↔️ Copper, gold, cobalt
• Rarer ores may require more complex and costly extraction processes.


  True
• Electrolysis is used for extracting highly reactive metals like sodium
• In the displacement reaction for iron, carbon is more reactive than iron
• Biological extraction is commonly used for metals with medium reactivity
• Arrange the main metal extraction methods by increasing reactivity of the metal:

  1️⃣ Reduction with carbon

  2️⃣ Biological extraction

  3️⃣ Electrolysis
• Biological extraction, also known as bioleaching, uses microorganisms to extract metals from their ores
• In the displacement reaction, carbon is more reactive than iron
• At which electrode in electrolysis do metal ions gain electrons and deposit as pure metal?

  Cathode
• What are the three main factors that influence the choice of metal extraction method?

  Reactivity, abundance, cost
• Reduction with carbon is suitable for extracting metals with low to medium reactivity
• The displacement reaction method uses a more reactive metal to displace a less reactive metal from its ore
• Electrolysis involves passing an electric current through a molten compound or solution containing the metal ions
• What is metal extraction defined as?

  Obtaining a metal from its ore
• Match the extraction method with its characteristics:

  Reduction with carbon ↔️ Low reactivity, common ore, low cost

  Electrolysis ↔️ High reactivity, rare ore, high cost

  Biological extraction ↔️ Medium reactivity, common ore, medium cost
• Biological extraction is also known as bioleaching.

  True
• Which metals are suitable for extraction by the displacement reaction method?

  Iron, copper, zinc
• The displacement reaction method is suitable for extracting metals like iron, copper, and zinc
• Reduction with carbon uses carbon (e.g., coke) at high temperatures to reduce metal oxide ores.


  True
• In the displacement reaction method, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.

  True
• Electrolysis involves passing an electric current through a molten compound or solution to extract metals.


  True
• One disadvantage of electrolysis is that it requires high energy
• More reactive metals require more energy-intensive extraction methods like electrolysis
• Rank the main metal extraction methods based on their energy usage, from lowest to highest:

  1️⃣ Reduction with carbon

  2️⃣ Displacement reaction

  3️⃣ Biological extraction

  4️⃣ Electrolysis
• What are the products of reacting iron oxide ($Fe_{2}O_{3}$) with carbon ($C$) in the displacement reaction?


  Iron and carbon monoxide
• What type of electrode is negatively charged in electrolysis?

  Cathode
• Biological extraction is a medium-cost, medium-energy option for moderately reactive metals