2.2.3 Making Salts

• What are salts formed from?

  Acid-base neutralization
• What determines the solubility of a salt in water?

  Strength of ionic bonds
• Match the common acids and bases with their formulas:

  Hydrochloric acid ↔️ HCl

  Sodium hydroxide ↔️ NaOH

  Sulfuric acid ↔️ H2SO4

  Nitric acid ↔️ HNO3

  Ammonia ↔️ NH3
• In a neutralization reaction, hydrogen ions from the acid combine with hydroxide ions from the base.


  True
• In a neutralization reaction, the hydrogen ions from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions from the base.


  True
• Heating a neutralization reaction solution evaporates the water, leaving behind the solid salt.

  True
• What type of bonding holds salts together?

  Ionic bonding
• What are three common strong acids?

  HCl, H2SO4, HNO3
• Steps of the acid-base neutralization reaction

  1️⃣ Hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid combine with hydroxide ions (OH-) from the base

  2️⃣ Water is formed

  3️⃣ Salt is produced
• The first step in making salts using a neutralization reaction is to identify the appropriate acid and base.
• Common examples of acids used in neutralization reactions include hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide
• Reacting HCl and NaOH produces the salt sodium chloride.


  True
• There are two main techniques used to prepare salts: titration and direct combination.


  True
• Purification techniques are used to remove impurities from salts.

  True
• What type of equipment should be worn as personal protective equipment (PPE) during salt preparation?

  Goggles, gloves, lab coat
• Salts are held together by strong ionic bonds between the positive metal ion and the negative non-metal ion
• Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-
• What is the chemical equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

  HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
• What are the products formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

  Sodium chloride and water
• Common examples of reactants in a neutralization reaction include hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide
• Salts are ionic compounds formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base
• Salts generally have high melting and boiling points due to their strong ionic bonds
• Hydrochloric acid completely ionizes in water to form hydrogen ions and chloride ions.
• The products of a neutralization reaction are always a salt and water.


  True
• What is the neutralization reaction used for?

  Making salts
• What must be done to the resulting solution to obtain the solid salt product?

  Evaporate water
• What is the neutralization reaction considered a key method for?

  Synthesizing salts
• What is produced when HCl and NaOH react in direct combination?

  NaCl and water
• Match the purification technique with its description:

  Recrystallization ↔️ Dissolves salt in hot solvent

  Evaporation ↔️ Heats solution to remove water

  Filtration ↔️ Separates solid impurities
• Waste materials from salt preparation should be disposed of according to lab safety protocols
• Salts are ionic compounds formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.

  True
• Why do salts have high melting and boiling points?

  Strong ionic bonds
• Arrange the steps of the acid-base neutralization reaction:

  1️⃣ Acid and base react

  2️⃣ Hydrogen ions (H+) combine with hydroxide ions (OH-)

  3️⃣ Salt and water are formed
• During a neutralization reaction, hydrogen ions combine with hydroxide ions to produce water
• Steps for making salts using a neutralization reaction

  1️⃣ Identify Reactants

  2️⃣ Combine Solutions

  3️⃣ Evaporate Water
• What salt is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

  Sodium chloride
• Salts typically form crystalline solids with a regular arrangement of ions.

  True
• Acetic acid is a weak acid.


  True
• What salt is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in a neutralization reaction?

  Sodium chloride
• What is the final step in making salts using a neutralization reaction?

  Combine solutions