1.1 Native American Societies Before European Contact

• What varied significantly among Native American societies before European contact?

  Geographical region and resource availability
• The Pueblo people used irrigation systems for farming.
• What does "Agriculture in Pre-Contact America" refer to?

  Cultivation of crops by Native Americans
• What crops were combined in the three sisters method of sustainable planting?

  Corn, beans, and squash
• The development of agriculture led to sedentary lifestyles and larger populations among Native American societies.

  True
• The Iroquois Confederacy practiced crop rotation for sustainable farming.
• The Pueblo people used irrigation systems to support maize cultivation.


  True
• The Eastern Woodlands tribes emphasized spirits in nature and ancestor worship.


  True
• The Iroquois Confederacy practiced crop rotation to maintain soil fertility.


  True
• Match the Native American region with its primary agricultural practice:

  Great Plains ↔️ Bison hunting; limited farming

  Pueblo People ↔️ Irrigation systems; maize cultivation

  Iroquois Confederacy ↔️ Crop rotation; three sisters farming

  Pacific Northwest ↔️ Fishing; gathering; whaling
• Which Native American region emphasized spirit quests and reverence for natural elements in their religious beliefs?

  Pacific Northwest
• What type of social structure was common among the Great Plains tribes?

  Nomadic tribes
• What religious belief emphasizes reverence for nature and spirits?

  Animism
• Which religious practice involved spirit quests and reverence for natural elements?

  Shamanism
• What type of governance did the Pueblo people practice?

  Communal governance
• The Pacific Northwest tribes used fishing as their primary agricultural and food source, with hierarchical tribes
• What does "Agriculture in Pre-Contact America" refer to?

  Cultivation by Native Americans
• What were the two major impacts of agriculture on Native American societies?

  Sedentary lifestyles, larger populations
• The Pueblo people practiced polytheism, which linked ceremonies to agricultural cycles
• Match the Native American region with its social structure:

  Great Plains ↔️ Nomadic tribes; extended family clans

  Pueblo People ↔️ Villages with communal governance

  Iroquois Confederacy ↔️ Confederated tribes; matrilineal clans

  Pacific Northwest ↔️ Hierarchical tribes; chieftain system

  Eastern Woodlands ↔️ Tribal villages; clan system
• The Pacific Northwest tribes used hereditary chiefs and potlatch ceremonies in their governance.


  True
• Agricultural innovations in pre-contact Native American societies led to deeper cultural and spiritual connections to the land.


  True
• The Iroquois Confederacy practiced crop rotation.

  True
• The Iroquois Confederacy believed in a Great Spirit and seasonal festivals.


  True
• Deep cultural and spiritual connections to agricultural cycles were common among Native American societies.


  True
• Native American societies before European contact varied significantly based on their geographical region and resource availability.
• A table can effectively compare Native American societies based on regional adaptations, agricultural practices, social structures, and religious beliefs.


  True
• The Pacific Northwest tribes had a hierarchical social structure based on a chieftain system.


  True
• Irrigation systems were used by the Pueblo people for maize cultivation.


  True
• Order the Native American regions based on their primary agricultural practices:

  1️⃣ Iroquois Confederacy: Farming

  2️⃣ Great Plains: Limited farming

  3️⃣ Eastern Woodlands: Farming, hunting, gathering
• The three sisters method involved combining corn, beans, and squash for sustainable planting.


  True
• The Great Plains tribes relied on bison hunting due to limited farming opportunities.
• What does "Agriculture in Pre-Contact America" refer to?

  Farming by Native Americans
• What crops are combined in the three sisters method?

  Corn, beans, and squash
• What religious belief was common among the Great Plains tribes?

  Animism
• The Eastern Woodlands tribes practiced animism and emphasized reverence for spirits in nature
• The Grand Council of Chiefs was a key component of the Iroquois Confederacy's governance.

  True
• The Pueblo people practiced polytheism and linked ceremonies to agricultural cycles.


  True
• Religious beliefs and practices were deeply connected to Native American cultures and their environment.


  True
• The Iroquois Confederacy's pantheistic beliefs included reverence for the Great Spirit.


  True