5.4.1 Newton's Law of Gravitation

• Newton's Law of Gravitation states that the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the distance between the masses.

  False
• The gravitational constant $G$ has units of $\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^{2} / \text{kg}^{2}$.


  True
• The gravitational force $F$ is measured in Newtons (N).


  True
• Match the symbol with its unit:

  $F$ ↔️ Newtons (N)

  $G$ ↔️ $\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^{2} / \text{kg}^{2}$

  $m_{1}, m_{2}$ ↔️ Kilograms (kg)

  $r$ ↔️ Meters (m)
• Newton's Law of Gravitation states that every particle of mass attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
• The value of the gravitational constant $G$ is 6.674 \times 10^{ - 11}
• What is the gravitational constant denoted by?

  G
• The gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.


  True
• Who first measured the value of the gravitational constant $G$?


  Henry Cavendish
• As the mass of an object increases, the gravitational force between it and another object also increases.


  True
• Newton's Law of Gravitation states that every particle of mass in the universe attracts every other particle of mass.


  True
• If the mass of an object is doubled, the gravitational force it exerts is also doubled.


  True
• Define Newton's Law of Gravitation.

  Every particle attracts every other
• The gravitational force is measured in units of Newtons
• The gravitational constant $G$ scales the gravitational force
• Arrange the variables of Newton's Law of Gravitation in order of their effect on gravitational force, from strongest to weakest:

  1️⃣ Masses of objects ($m_{1}, m_{2}$)

  2️⃣ Distance between centers ($r$)

  3️⃣ Gravitational constant ($G$)
• The gravitational force decreases rapidly with increased distance
• The value of the gravitational constant is approximately $6.674 \times 10^{ - 11}$
• If the distance between two objects is zero, the gravitational force is infinite.

  False
• What does Newton's Law of Gravitation state?

  Mass attracts mass
• Match the symbol with its description:

  $F$ ↔️ Gravitational force

  $G$ ↔️ Gravitational constant

  $m_{1}, m_{2}$ ↔️ Masses of objects

  $r$ ↔️ Distance between objects
• What does the symbol $F$ represent in Newton's Law of Gravitation?


  Gravitational force
• What does the symbol $m_{2}$ represent in Newton's Law of Gravitation?


  Mass of object 2
• Newton's Law of Gravitation states that the gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses.


  True
• The equation for Newton's Law of Gravitation is $F =$$G \frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}$.


  True
• The unit of the gravitational constant $G$ is $\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^{2} / \text{kg}^{2}$.


  True
• What does the gravitational constant $G$ describe in Newton's Law of Gravitation?


  Strength of gravity
• What is the unit of gravitational force in the SI system?

  Newtons
• The gravitational constant $G$ is a fundamental physical constant that describes the strength of the gravitational force between two objects.
• The variables that affect gravitational force are the masses of the objects and the distance between their centers.
• To what is gravitational force inversely proportional?

  Square of distance
• What is the value of the gravitational constant $G$?


  $6.674 \times 10^{ - 11} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^{2} / \text{kg}^{2}$
• The gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
• The gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to their masses.

  True
• If the distance between two objects is doubled, the gravitational force is halved.

  False
• Who first measured the value of the gravitational constant experimentally?

  Henry Cavendish
• What happens to the gravitational force if the distance between two objects is doubled?

  Decreases by a factor of 4
• The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between objects.

  True
• The formula for calculating gravitational force is $F =$$G \frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}$


  True
• What happens to gravitational force when the distance between two objects doubles?

  Decreases by a factor of 4