2.6 Gravitational Force

• The gravitational force is always attractive


  True
• The gravitational force decreases with increasing distance between masses


  True
• The gravitational constant is a universal constant


  True
• The gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the distance between them.

  False
• What is the value of the gravitational constant?

  $6.674 \times 10^{ - 11} \, \text{N m}^{2} / \text{kg}^{2}$
• The gravitational force between two objects is always attractive.


  True
• The gravitational force increases with increasing distance between two objects.

  False
• What happens to the gravitational force as the distance between two masses increases?

  It decreases
• The gravitational force increases with larger masses
• The gravitational force decreases with increasing distance
• The gravitational constant $G$ depends on the location of the objects.


  False
• The gravitational constant $G$ is measured in $\text{N m}^{2} / \text{kg}^{2}$.


  True
• The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses.

  True
• The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses
• The gravitational force decreases by the square of the distance
• What is the gravitational force between two masses of 10 kg and 20 kg separated by 2 m?

  \(3.337 \times 10^{-9}\) N
• Why is the gravitational force considered ubiquitous?

  Acts between any two masses
• The gravitational force is essential for developing theories about the origin and evolution of the universe.


  True
• According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the force between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
• The gravitational force increases with larger masses
• The gravitational constant ($G$) determines the strength of the gravitational force
• The gravitational force between two objects is calculated using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
• Match the variable with its definition:

  Gravitational Force ↔️ Attractive force between two masses

  Mass of Object 1 ↔️ Mass of the first object

  Distance between Objects ↔️ Distance between the centers

  Gravitational Constant ↔️ Proportionality constant
• Steps to define Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

  1️⃣ Define gravitational force as an attractive force between masses

  2️⃣ State the force is proportional to the product of masses

  3️⃣ State the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance

  4️⃣ Express the law mathematically
• Match the variable in Newton's Law with its meaning:

  $F$ ↔️ Gravitational Force

  $G$ ↔️ Gravitational Constant

  $m_{1}$ ↔️ Mass of Object 1

  $r$ ↔️ Distance between Objects
• What are the units of the gravitational constant?

  \text{N m}^2/\text{kg}^2</latex>
• What is the approximate value of the gravitational constant $G$?


  $6.674 \times 10^{ - 11} \, \text{N m}^{2} / \text{kg}^{2}$
• What is the relationship between gravitational force and the distance between two objects?

  Inversely proportional
• What is the equation to calculate gravitational force using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation?

  F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}</latex>
• What is the gravitational force between two 10 kg masses placed 1 meter apart?

  6.674 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N}</latex>
• What defines the gravitational force between two objects?

  Newton's Law
• How does increasing the mass of an object affect the gravitational force between it and another object?

  Increases proportionally
• Match the variable with its symbol, value, and unit

  Mass of Object 1 ↔️ \(m_1\), 10 kg

  Mass of Object 2 ↔️ \(m_2\), 20 kg

  Distance between Objects ↔️ \(r\), 2 m

  Gravitational Constant ↔️ \(G\), \(6.674 \times 10^{-11}\) N m²/kg²
• The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is a result of gravitational force.


  True
• Arrange the significance of gravitational force in physics from fundamental to applied

  1️⃣ Gravitational force shapes the cosmos

  2️⃣ Determines celestial mechanics

  3️⃣ Causes acceleration on Earth

  4️⃣ Enables cosmological models
• What is the gravitational force defined as?

  The attractive force between masses
• What is the value of the gravitational constant $G$?


  $6.674 \times 10^{ - 11} \, \text{N m}^{2} / \text{kg}^{2}$
• What happens to the gravitational force when the distance between two objects doubles?

  It decreases by a factor of 4
• What is the symbol for the gravitational constant?

  $G$
• The unit of gravitational force is Newtons