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Edexcel GCSE Physics
Topic 8: Energy - Forces Doing Work
8.2 Kinetic and Potential Energy
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What is kinetic energy defined as?
Energy due to motion
A spinning top is an example of
kinetic energy
.
True
A ball held high above the ground is an example of
gravitational potential energy
.
True
Match the formula with its description:
K = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2}</latex> ↔️ Kinetic energy based on mass and linear velocity
K
=
K =
K
=
1
2
I
ω
2
\frac{1}{2}I\omega^{2}
2
1
I
ω
2
↔️ Kinetic energy based on moment of inertia and angular velocity
What is potential energy defined as?
Energy due to position
Gravitational potential energy depends on the height of an object above a reference point.
True
What is elastic potential energy stored in?
Elastic materials
The formula for kinetic energy is
K
=
K =
K
=
1
2
m
v
2
\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}
2
1
m
v
2
, where
v
v
v
represents the object's velocity.
The formula for rotational kinetic energy is
K
=
K =
K
=
1
2
I
ω
2
\frac{1}{2}I\omega^{2}
2
1
I
ω
2
, where
ω
\omega
ω
represents the angular velocity.
Kinetic energy increases drastically with an increase in
velocity
because it is proportional to the square of the velocity.
Potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its
position
or state.
True
What is the formula for kinetic energy in rotational motion?
K
=
K =
K
=
1
2
I
ω
2
\frac{1}{2}I\omega^{2}
2
1
I
ω
2
Gravitational potential energy depends on an object's height above a reference
point
What two factors affect kinetic energy?
Mass and velocity
In elastic potential energy, displacement squared has a greater effect than the spring
constant
.
What are the two types of potential energy mentioned in the study material?
Gravitational and elastic
What is the definition of kinetic energy?
Energy due to motion
Potential energy is stored energy due to an object's
position
or state.
What is the definition of potential energy?
Energy of position
Gravitational potential energy depends on the object's mass, gravitational acceleration, and its
height
above a reference point.
The formula for kinetic energy in linear motion is
K
=
K =
K
=
1
2
m
v
2
\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}
2
1
m
v
2
, where
v
v
v
represents the object's velocity.
Kinetic energy is affected by mass and
velocity
.
How are kinetic and potential energy related?
Interchangeable forms
At the bottom of a fall, all potential energy is converted to
kinetic energy
.
True
The total energy of a system remains
constant
Two common types of potential energy are gravitational and
elastic
What happens to potential energy as an object falls from a height?
Decreases
The formula for kinetic energy is
K
=
K =
K
=
1
2
m
v
2
\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}
2
1
m
v
2
The formula for gravitational potential energy is
U
=
U =
U
=
m
g
h
mgh
m
g
h
What is the formula for rotational kinetic energy?
K
=
K =
K
=
1
2
I
ω
2
\frac{1}{2}I\omega^{2}
2
1
I
ω
2
The formula for gravitational potential energy is
U
=
U =
U
=
m
g
h
mgh
m
g
h
Types of potential energy
1️⃣ Gravitational potential energy
2️⃣ Elastic potential energy
Gravitational potential energy is calculated using the formula
U
=
U =
U
=
m
g
h
mgh
m
g
h
, where
g
g
g
is the gravitational acceleration.
The kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to its
mass
.
True
Rotational kinetic energy is calculated using the moment of inertia and
angular velocity
.
True
Increasing the mass of an object while keeping its velocity constant will increase its
kinetic energy
.
True
Match the type of potential energy with its defining characteristic:
Gravitational potential energy ↔️ Depends on height
Elastic potential energy ↔️ Stored in elastic materials
What is kinetic energy?
Energy due to motion
The rotational kinetic energy formula uses moment of inertia and
angular velocity
.
True
Gravitational potential energy is the only type of energy that depends on
height
.
True
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