5.3.2 Antibiotics

• Antibiotics stop bacterial growth or kill them.


  True
• What type of action does tetracycline exhibit against bacteria?

  Bacteriostatic
• What is a disadvantage of broad-spectrum antibiotics?

  They kill beneficial gut bacteria
• Which type of antibiotic is less likely to cause resistance?

  Narrow-spectrum
• Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve the ability to survive antibiotic exposure.

  True
• What are bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics called?

  Superbugs
• Antibiotics work by either killing bacteria directly or inhibiting their growth
• Bacteriostatic antibiotics prevent bacterial growth by interfering with protein production
• Categorize the two main types of antibiotics by their range of effectiveness:

  1️⃣ Broad-spectrum antibiotics

  2️⃣ Narrow-spectrum antibiotics
• Narrow-spectrum antibiotics reduce the risk of resistance because they minimize impact on gut bacteria
• Which antibiotic is an example of a bacteriostatic agent?

  Erythromycin
• What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance?

  Overuse of antibiotics
• What are superbugs resistant to?

  Multiple antibiotics
• Phage therapy uses viruses to target specific bacteria
• What is the primary goal of antibiotic stewardship?

  Preserve antibiotic effectiveness
• What are antibiotics used to treat?

  Bacterial infections
• What type of medications are antibiotics different from?

  Antiseptics and antivirals
• Antibiotics target bacterial cells without harming human cells.


  True
• Narrow-spectrum antibiotics minimize harm to gut bacteria but require accurate diagnosis
• Bactericidal antibiotics like penicillin destroy bacteria by disrupting their cell walls
• What is a primary cause of antibiotic resistance?

  Overuse of antibiotics
• Match the factor with its explanation in the development of antibiotic resistance:

  Overuse of antibiotics ↔️ Excessive use allows resistant strains to thrive

  Misuse of antibiotics ↔️ Not completing the prescribed course

  Natural bacterial evolution ↔️ Bacteria evolve to resist antibiotics
• Antibiotics are the same as antiseptics and antiviral drugs.

  False
• What does selective toxicity in antibiotics refer to?

  Targeting bacteria without harming human cells
• Match the type of antibiotic with its characteristic:

  Broad-spectrum ↔️ Effective against a wide range of bacteria

  Narrow-spectrum ↔️ Targets specific types of bacteria
• What are the two primary mechanisms by which antibiotics work against bacteria?

  Bactericidal and bacteriostatic
• Misuse of antibiotics, such as stopping early when feeling better, can lead to resistance.


  True
• Superbugs pose a significant threat to public health due to their resistance to multiple antibiotics.


  True
• What is one key preventative measure to reduce antibiotic resistance?

  Improve hygiene and sanitation
• Antibiotic stewardship principles include prescribing antibiotics only when necessary
• Antibiotics work by either killing bacteria directly or inhibiting their growth
• Antibiotics like penicillin kill bacteria by disrupting their cell wall
• Match the type of antibiotic with its description:

  Broad-spectrum ↔️ Acts against a wide variety of bacteria

  Narrow-spectrum ↔️ Targets specific types of bacteria
• Order the steps of how antibiotics work against bacteria:

  1️⃣ Antibiotic targets bacterial cell wall or protein synthesis

  2️⃣ Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria directly

  3️⃣ Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit growth

  4️⃣ Selective toxicity prevents harm to human cells
• What do bacteriostatic antibiotics like tetracycline prevent in bacteria?

  Protein synthesis
• Not completing the prescribed course of antibiotics allows surviving bacteria to develop resistance
• What are antibiotics used to treat?

  Bacterial infections
• Match the antibiotic mechanism with its action:

  Bactericidal ↔️ Kill bacteria directly

  Bacteriostatic ↔️ Inhibit bacterial growth
• Antibiotics demonstrate selective toxicity to protect human cells.


  True
• What is a major disadvantage of broad-spectrum antibiotics?

  They can kill beneficial gut bacteria