Tissue

• • It describe group of cells
  • Cells within this share a common embryonic origin

  Tissue
• It is the microscopic study of tissues' appearance, organization, and function

  Histology
• What are the types of tissues

  Epithelium, connective, muscle, and nervous
• It is a type of tissue:

  • Covers the exterior surface
  • Lines internal cavities and passageways
  • Forms certain glands

  Epithelial
• It is a type of tissue:

  • Functions to support, protect, and integration
  • Bind organs and cells

  Connective
• It's a type of tissue:

  • It is excitable, it responds to stimulation and contract to provide movements

  Muscle
• What are three kinds of muscle tissue

  Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
• It's a type of tissue:

  • Also excitable, that allows electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulse

  Nervous
• After fertilization of the zygote it will give rise to rapid mitotic cycles, then, this will generate many cells and form the embryo
• Gastrulation forms

  Germ layers
• What is the name of the forst embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cells?

  Totipotent
• This is a single cell formed by the fusion of egg and sperm

  Fertilized egg / zygote
• It gives rise to connective tissue, bones, cartilage, blood, endothelium blood vessels, kidneys, synovial membrane lining cavities, and linings of gonads

  Mesoderm
• It gives rise to epidermis, glands on the skin, cranial bones, nervous system, mouth between cheeks, and the anus.

  Ectoderm
• It gives rise to lining of airways and digestive system except from mouth and distal parts of digestive (anus and rectum canal)

  Endoderm
• It has thin sheets of cells that covers the exterior surface of the body

  • The organs internal passageway (will lead to exterior surface)
  • The lining of moveable joints

  Tissue Membrane
• What are the two categories of Tissue Membranes?

  Epithelial and connective
• • It includes synovial membrane that encapsulates the organs and lines the freely moveable joints
  • It also has synovial fluid which is also responsible for allowing movements without much friction.


  Connective Tissue Membrane
• • It includes mucous, serous, and cutaneous
  • Composed of epithelium which is attached to layers of connective tissue

  Epithelial Tissue Membrane
• It is also called as mucosa

  • Lines the body cavities and hollow passageways
  • Composed of excretory, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tract

  Mucous membrane
• It is mesothelium or mesodermally derived

  • It lines the coelomic cavities and protect organs within that.
  • It doesn't open to external environment.

  Serous Membrane
• It also called "skin"

  • a stratified squamous epithelial membrane
  • Apical surface is exposed to external environment.
  • Covered with dead keratinized cells which helps to protect the body from dessication and pathogens

  Cutaneous Membrane
• What are the structures and functions of epithelia

  1. Highly Cellular
  2. Polar (apical and basal)
  3. Completely Avascular
  4. Rapid replacement of dead cells
• It remains within the connective tissue

  Fixed Cells
• This cells are present part of immune system

  Macrophage and Mast Cells
• What are the cell types under fixed cells?

  • Fibroblast - forms the extracellular matrix
  • Adipocytes - store lipids as droplets (white & brown)
  • Mesenchymal - multipotent adult stem-cell which has the ability to differentiate into any type of connective tissue.
• Cells that are present part of immune system

  • Macrophage - when stimulated releases cytokines (chemical messenger)  
  • Mast cells - releases histamine, an inflammatory mediators.
• Roaming free - move rapidly in ameboid movement

  Fixed - permanent residents of cells.
• Single unit of droplet, less metabolically active

  White fats
• Many droplets and more metabolically active

  Brown fats
• What are the three main types of fibers that are secreted by Fibroblast?

  Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
• Collagen - long and straight fiber that provide tensile strength to resist stretching during various movements
• Elastin - contains elastin, less protein, and glycoprotein. After stretching and compression it has the ability to return to its normal shape.
• Reticular - same protein with collagen. It remained narrow and arrayed in branching network. It is also abundant in spleen and liver.
• It absorbs shocks and connects tissue together. Also, allows diffusion of nutrients through adjacent and imbedded cells and tissues

  Loose connective tissue
• Adipose Tissue - mostly fat storage with little extracellular material
• White adipose tissue

  • Lipid storage, insulation, protect kidneys.
• Brown Adipose Tissue

  • Also called "baby fats," common in infants
  • Thermogenic, uses metabolic heat to breakdown fats.
• It's random and in web-like fashion. Contains all cell types and fibers. It surrounds blood and lymph and support organs in the abdominal cavity.

  Areolar Tissue
• Reticular Tissue - It's in mesh-like fashion. Provide supportive framework for soft organs.

  • Produces the reticular fibers that forms the network