5.2.2 Immune Response

• Main phases of the immune response

  1️⃣ Recognition

  2️⃣ Activation

  3️⃣ Elimination
• Which immune cells are part of innate immunity?

  Phagocytes
• Which cells present antigens to T cells during the recognition phase?

  Macrophages
• Adaptive immunity creates lasting protection through immunological memory.
• Which type of phagocyte is most abundant in the blood?

  Neutrophils
• The immune response is the body's natural defense mechanism against pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
• What do pathogens use to identify themselves to the immune system?

  Antigens
• Innate immunity creates immunological memory.

  False
• Macrophages present antigens to activate adaptive immunity.


  True
• Match the type of T cell with its function:

  Helper T cells ↔️ Activate other immune cells

  Cytotoxic T cells ↔️ Kill infected cells
• The immune system remembers previous infections through a process called immunological memory
• Macrophages present antigens to T cells during the recognition phase.


  True
• Immunological memory is a feature of adaptive immunity.


  True
• B cells are activated by T cells to produce antibodies.


  True
• What is the process called by which phagocytes destroy pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• B cells produce antibodies that bind to pathogens.


  True
• Order the phases of the immune response:

  1️⃣ Recognition

  2️⃣ Activation

  3️⃣ Elimination
• Innate immunity is rapid but non-specific
• What process do phagocytes use to destroy pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• Which type of lymphocytes produces antibodies?

  B cells
• What are plasma cells responsible for producing in antibody production?

  Antibodies
• Order the steps of immunological memory:

  1️⃣ Primary immune response

  2️⃣ Memory cell formation

  3️⃣ Secondary immune response
• What is the immune response defined as?

  Natural defense against pathogens
• Antibodies bind to pathogens during the elimination phase.
• The immune system identifies pathogens by their surface molecules called antigens.
• What is the duration of innate immunity?

  Immediate and short-lived
• Macrophages ingest pathogens and present antigens to immune cells.
• T cells activate other immune cells and directly attack infected cells.
• During the recognition phase, macrophages present antigens to T cells.


  True
• Match the type of immunity with its key characteristics:

  Innate immunity ↔️ Rapid, non-specific

  Adaptive immunity ↔️ Slow, highly specific
• Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells, responding rapidly to infections
• Helper T cells activate other immune cells, while cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells
• Antibodies mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytes.


  True
• What is produced in greater quantities during a secondary immune response?

  Antibodies