5.1.2 Non-Communicable Diseases

• Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, or fungi.


  True
• What are some examples of NCDs mentioned in the text?

  Heart disease, diabetes, cancer
• Genetic factors are the sole cause of NCDs.

  False
• What does NCD stand for?

  Non-Communicable Diseases
• Order the following NCD prevention strategies from general to specific:

  1️⃣ Promoting healthy lifestyles

  2️⃣ Improving environmental conditions

  3️⃣ Screening and early detection

  4️⃣ Effective disease management
• Addressing modifiable risk factors can reduce the burden of NCDs.

  True
• Cardiovascular diseases can be treated with lifestyle changes, blood pressure medications, and cardiac rehabilitation.

  True
• The prevalence of NCDs is increasing worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries
• A comprehensive, multisectoral approach is required to address the growing burden of NCDs.


  True
• NCDs often result from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and lifestyle factors
• Communicable diseases can be spread from person to person, while NCDs cannot be transmitted
• Match the risk factor category with an example:

  Genetic ↔️ Family history

  Physiological ↔️ High blood pressure

  Environmental ↔️ Air pollution

  Lifestyle ↔️ Unhealthy diet
• What are some key prevention strategies for NCDs?

  Healthy lifestyles and environmental improvements
• Rank the following prevention strategies for NCDs in order of their primary focus:

  1️⃣ Promoting Healthy Lifestyles

  2️⃣ Improving Environmental Conditions

  3️⃣ Screening and Early Detection

  4️⃣ Effective Disease Management
• Lifestyle modifications such as diet, physical activity, and smoking cessation can help prevent and manage many NCDs
• How do NCDs affect healthcare systems and economies?

  Direct medical costs and lost productivity
• Rank the following strategies to address the growing burden of NCDs in order of their scope:

  1️⃣ Promoting healthy lifestyles

  2️⃣ Strengthening healthcare systems

  3️⃣ Implementing policies to address risk factors

  4️⃣ Enhancing international collaboration
• What does the acronym NCD stand for?

  Non-Communicable Diseases
• How does the development of NCDs differ from communicable diseases?

  Develop slowly over time
• What are some lifestyle risk factors for NCDs?

  Unhealthy diet, smoking
• Modifiable risk factors for NCDs, such as lifestyle factors, are crucial for their prevention and management
• What is one lifestyle risk factor that increases the likelihood of NCDs?

  Smoking
• What is the primary goal of early detection and screening for NCDs?

  Identify conditions early
• Match the NCD type with its treatment approach:

  Cancer ↔️ Chemotherapy

  Chronic Respiratory Diseases ↔️ Bronchodilators

  Diabetes ↔️ Insulin therapy

  Cardiovascular Diseases ↔️ Anticoagulants
• What is the financial burden of treating NCDs primarily caused by?

  Direct medical costs
• Match the type of economic impact with its description:

  Direct Medical Costs ↔️ Expenses for hospitalization and medication

  Indirect Costs ↔️ Lost productivity and absenteeism
• Match the NCD with an example:

  Heart Disease ↔️ Cardiovascular Disease

  Lung Cancer ↔️ Cancer

  Asthma ↔️ Chronic Respiratory Disease

  Type 2 Diabetes ↔️ Diabetes
• Understanding the different types of NCDs is crucial for effective prevention and management.


  True
• Identifying and addressing modifiable risk factors is crucial for preventing NCDs.


  True
• What are Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)?

  Diseases not spread by infection
• What are some target risk factors for promoting healthy lifestyles in NCD prevention?

  Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity
• What is the role of medication in treating NCDs?

  Control symptoms and manage conditions
• Developing countries face greater challenges in managing NCDs due to limited healthcare infrastructure.


  True
• What are some common risk factors for both Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Type 2 Diabetes?

  Obesity, lack of exercise
• Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are illnesses that cannot be spread from person to person
• Communicable diseases are infectious and can be transmitted
• Match the type of NCD with its examples:

  Cardiovascular Diseases ↔️ Heart disease, stroke

  Cancers ↔️ Lung cancer, breast cancer

  Chronic Respiratory Diseases ↔️ Asthma, COPD

  Diabetes ↔️ Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes
• Identifying and addressing modifiable risk factors is crucial for preventing and managing NCDs
• Match the NCD risk factor category with an example:

  Genetic ↔️ Family history

  Physiological ↔️ High blood pressure

  Environmental ↔️ Air pollution

  Lifestyle ↔️ Unhealthy diet
• Screening and early detection target genetic predisposition and physiological risk factors