10.1 X-ray imaging

• The reduction in the intensity of X-rays as they pass through tissue is called attenuation
• Radiation protection is a primary safety concern in X-ray imaging.


  True
• Match the properties of X-rays and visible light:

  X-rays ↔️ High energy, short wavelength

  Visible light ↔️ Low energy, long wavelength
• What is the process by which X-rays are produced?

  Electron bombardment
• Match the components of an X-ray system with their functions:

  X-ray Tube ↔️ Generates high-energy X-rays

  Collimator ↔️ Shapes and directs the beam

  Detector ↔️ Captures the X-ray image
• X-rays cannot penetrate matter.

  False
• Characteristic radiation depends on the energy of the incident electrons.

  False
• Which two factors influence the attenuation of X-rays in tissue?

  Density and atomic number
• What type of radiation are X-rays?

  Electromagnetic radiation
• What is the name of the X-rays produced due to electron deceleration?

  Bremsstrahlung radiation
• What is the primary cause of X-ray attenuation in tissue?

  Absorption and scattering
• The collimator shapes and directs the X-ray beam to the desired area of the body
• X-rays cannot penetrate matter.

  False
• Bremsstrahlung radiation has a continuous spectrum of wavelengths.


  True
• Match the tissue with its attenuation coefficient:

  Bone ↔️ High

  Muscle ↔️ Medium

  Fat ↔️ Low

  Air ↔️ Very Low
• Arrange the tissues from highest to lowest attenuation coefficient:

  1️⃣ Bone

  2️⃣ Muscle

  3️⃣ Fat

  4️⃣ Air
• What does image interpretation involve in diagnostic imaging?

  Analyzing X-ray images
• What type of electromagnetic radiation are X-rays?

  Electromagnetic radiation
• What are the two primary mechanisms of X-ray attenuation in tissue?

  Absorption and scattering
• The collimator in an X-ray system shapes and directs the X-ray beam to the patient's body
• The difference in attenuation creates contrast, allowing doctors to differentiate between various tissues
• What is the process of analyzing X-ray images to identify abnormalities called?

  Image interpretation
• What pulmonary conditions can chest X-rays identify?

  Pneumonia and tuberculosis
• Why is X-ray imaging considered cost-effective compared to other modalities?

  Lower equipment costs
• Steps in the formation of an X-ray image

  1️⃣ X-ray beam is generated

  2️⃣ X-ray beam passes through tissue

  3️⃣ X-rays are attenuated by tissue

  4️⃣ Detector captures the image
• The wavelength of X-rays ranges from 0.01 nm to 10 nm
• Bremsstrahlung radiation has a continuous spectrum of wavelengths
• Denser tissues cause greater X-ray attenuation
• X-rays have shorter wavelengths than visible light.


  True
• Bremsstrahlung radiation is produced when electrons decelerate after colliding with a metal target
• Arrange the following properties of radiation from high to low efficiency:

  1️⃣ Characteristic radiation

  2️⃣ Bremsstrahlung radiation
• The X-ray tube generates X-rays through electron bombardment
• CT scans combine multiple X-ray images to create 3D images
• Image interpretation involves analyzing X-ray images to identify anatomical structures, abnormalities, and potential medical conditions
• X-rays have wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers
• Match the tissue with its approximate attenuation coefficient (μ):

  Bone ↔️ High

  Muscle ↔️ Medium

  Fat ↔️ Low

  Air ↔️ Very Low
• Steps in the formation of an X-ray image:

  1️⃣ X-rays are emitted from the tube

  2️⃣ X-rays pass through the body

  3️⃣ Different tissues attenuate the beam

  4️⃣ Detector captures the attenuated beam

  5️⃣ Contrast is created in the image
• Bone has high density and atomic number, leading to high absorption
• What type of X-ray imaging captures 2D static images of the body?

  Radiography
• Match the component of image interpretation with its description:

  Contrast Enhancement ↔️ Improves visibility of structures

  Anatomical Knowledge ↔️ Understanding anatomy allows identification

  Pattern Recognition ↔️ Identifies abnormal patterns

  Comparative Analysis ↔️ Tracks changes over time