2.5.4 End of the Cold War

• Perestroika aimed to modernize the Soviet economy by introducing market elements
• Order the following effects of Gorbachev's reforms on Eastern Europe:

  1️⃣ Encouraging movements for independence

  2️⃣ Weakening the authority of communist regimes

  3️⃣ Paving the way for the collapse of the Soviet Union
• Glasnost encouraged movements for independence and self-determination
• Who introduced Perestroika and Glasnost in the Soviet Union?

  Mikhail Gorbachev
• Match the reform with its effect:

  Perestroika ↔️ Weakened centralized economic model

  Glasnost ↔️ Encouraged independence movements
• The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolized the end of Soviet dominance
• Gorbachev introduced Perestroika and Glasnost to modernize the Soviet economy
• The increased freedoms under Glasnost allowed Eastern European countries to challenge the authority of their communist governments
• Western countries played a role in influencing the decision to open the Berlin Wall.

  True
• The August Coup in 1991 was a direct result of the Soviet Union's economic failures.
• What were the two key reforms introduced by Gorbachev in the late 1980s?

  Perestroika and Glasnost
• Glasnost allowed public criticism and debate.


  True
• In what decade were Perestroika and Glasnost introduced?

  1980s
• How did Gorbachev's reforms encourage independence movements in Eastern Europe?

  Increased freedoms and transparency
• Glasnost allowed public criticism and debate, encouraging independence movements and weakening communist regimes
• Order the effects of Gorbachev's reforms on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe:

  1️⃣ Encouraging independence movements

  2️⃣ Weakening the authority of communist regimes

  3️⃣ Paving the way for the collapse of the Soviet Union
• The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the Cold War.


  True
• Perestroika focused on introducing market elements and decentralizing economic planning.

  True
• Match the country with a prominent dissident movement:

  Poland ↔️ Solidarity

  East Germany ↔️ New Forum
• What were three primary factors that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union?

  Economic failures, political discontent, Gorbachev's reforms
• Match the reform with its effect:

  Perestroika ↔️ Weakened centralized communist economy

  Glasnost ↔️ Encouraged independence movements
• Match the reform with its primary focus:

  Perestroika ↔️ Economic restructuring

  Glasnost ↔️ Openness
• What were three effects of Gorbachev's reforms on Eastern Europe?

  Independence, weakened regimes, collapse of Soviet Union
• Perestroika focused on increasing transparency and freedom of expression.

  False
• Gorbachev's reforms strengthened the authority of communist regimes in Eastern Europe.

  False
• What was the main goal of Perestroika under Gorbachev?

  Modernize the Soviet economy
• How did Gorbachev's reforms impact Eastern European dissident movements?

  Encouraged independence movements
• What event in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War and Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe?

  Fall of the Berlin Wall
• What was the primary goal of Glasnost?

  Increase transparency
• Chronological order of key events leading to the end of the Cold War:

  1️⃣ Gorbachev's reforms of Perestroika and Glasnost

  2️⃣ Rise of Eastern European dissident movements

  3️⃣ Fall of the Berlin Wall

  4️⃣ Dissolution of the Soviet Union
• What event marked the end of the Cold War?

  Dissolution of the Soviet Union