2.2.2 Meiosis

• Meiosis involves two successive cell divisions, while mitosis involves a single division
• Gametes produced through meiosis are haploid, meaning they have half the normal chromosome number.haploid
• Match the cell division process with its purpose:

  Meiosis ↔️ Produces gametes for sexual reproduction

  Mitosis ↔️ Produces somatic cells for growth and repair
• Meiosis II is the second stage of the meiosis process, which further reduces the chromosome number
• Meiosis II results in four genetically distinct daughter cells.


  True
• What process during meiosis I increases genetic diversity among gametes?

  Crossing over
• How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?

  Four
• What separates during Anaphase II of meiosis II?

  Sister chromatids
• Order the phases of Meiosis II based on their sequence.

  1️⃣ Prophase II

  2️⃣ Metaphase II

  3️⃣ Anaphase II

  4️⃣ Telophase II
• Meiosis II results in four genetically distinct gametes with half the original chromosome count.

  True
• Recombination is the process of mixing and rearranging genes during crossing over.


  True
• Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells contain two sets.


  True
• Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells) with half the normal chromosome number.division
• Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, which produces gametes with half the normal chromosome number.gametes
• Crossing over in Prophase I increases genetic diversity.


  True
• Phases of Meiosis II

  1️⃣ Prophase II

  2️⃣ Metaphase II

  3️⃣ Anaphase II

  4️⃣ Telophase II
• What is produced during meiosis?

  Gametes
• What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis I to increase genetic diversity?

  Crossing over
• Why is meiosis II important for sexual reproduction?

  Restores correct chromosome number
• Genetic diversity in offspring is crucial for their survival and adaptation
• Why is the genetic diversity generated through meiosis essential for species survival?

  Allows adaptation to changes
• Chromosome rearrangements often involve changes in chromosome segment arrangements
• Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, while mitosis maintains it.


  True
• Order the phases of Meiosis I and their key events:

  1️⃣ Prophase I: Crossing over increases genetic diversity

  2️⃣ Metaphase I: Homologous pairs align at the metaphase plate

  3️⃣ Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate to opposite poles

  4️⃣ Telophase I: Cell divides into two daughter cells
• In Anaphase II, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.poles
• The fusion of two gametes during fertilization restores the normal chromosome number in the offspring


  True
• In meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced by half
• Meiosis I prepares the cell for the second division by halving the chromosome number


  True
• What is the main purpose of Meiosis II?

  Reduces chromosome number again
• What type of daughter cells are produced at the end of Telophase II?

  Genetically distinct haploid gametes
• What is crossing over, and when does it occur during meiosis?

  Exchange of genetic material during Prophase I
• Meiosis reduces the chromosome number to produce four genetically distinct gametes
• Match the cell division process with its characteristics:

  Meiosis ↔️ Reduces chromosome number by half

  Mitosis ↔️ Maintains chromosome number
• Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells

  False
• Meiosis II reduces the chromosome number by half again, resulting in four genetically distinct gametes
• During Metaphase II, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
• What two processes during Prophase I contribute to genetic diversity?

  Crossing over and recombination
• Match the term with its correct definition:

  Crossing Over ↔️ Exchange of genetic material

  Recombination ↔️ Mixing and rearranging of genes

  Gametes ↔️ Sperm and egg cells
• What is non-disjunction, and what can it result in?

  Failure of chromosomes to separate; genetic disorders