4.2.1 Techniques

• Gene insertion involves placing an isolated gene into another organism's DNA.


  True
• What does recombinant DNA technology involve?

  Cutting and splicing DNA
• What is the purpose of DNA sequencing?

  Determining nucleotide order
• What is the purpose of recombinant DNA technology?

  Creating new genetic sequences
• DNA sequencing determines the exact order of nucleotides
• Match the genetic engineering technique with its description:

  Recombinant DNA technology ↔️ Cutting and splicing DNA segments

  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ↔️ Amplifying specific DNA sequences

  Gel electrophoresis ↔️ Separating DNA fragments by size

  DNA sequencing ↔️ Determining the order of nucleotides
• Order the steps involved in creating recombinant DNA:

  1️⃣ Isolate the desired gene

  2️⃣ Cut the gene and plasmid DNA

  3️⃣ Combine the gene and plasmid

  4️⃣ Insert the recombinant DNA into a host
• What does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments based on?

  Size and charge
• Steps in Recombinant DNA technology

  1️⃣ Identify a desired gene from one organism

  2️⃣ Use enzymes to cut the DNA and extract the gene

  3️⃣ Insert the gene into the DNA of another organism
• What process is repeated during PCR to make copies of the target DNA?

  Heating and cooling
• Steps in Gene cloning

  1️⃣ Isolate a target gene from an organism's DNA

  2️⃣ Insert the gene into a vector (e.g. plasmid)

  3️⃣ Introduce the vector into a host organism
• Gel electrophoresis is a simple and cost-effective method for analyzing DNA fragments
• DNA sequencing determines the genetic composition of a DNA molecule.


  True
• The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) requires DNA primers, DNA polymerase enzyme, and nucleotides
• What type of sample is required for PCR?

  Small DNA sample
• Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different organisms.


  True
• Steps in gene cloning

  1️⃣ Isolate a target gene from an organism's DNA

  2️⃣ Insert the gene into a vector

  3️⃣ Introduce the vector into a host organism
• PCR is used for the rapid detection and diagnosis of genetic diseases.
• What is an example of a therapeutic protein produced using gene cloning?

  Insulin
• What is the definition of genetic engineering?

  Altering an organism's genes
• What happens to bacteria after the insulin gene is inserted into their DNA?

  They produce insulin
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) allows the rapid amplification of specific DNA sequences
• Gene cloning creates multiple identical copies of a gene within a host organism
• PCR amplifies specific DNA sequences to produce a large number of copies.


  True
• Genetic engineering allows scientists to introduce new or enhanced characteristics in organisms.


  True
• What does recombinant DNA technology create by combining genetic material from different sources?

  New genetic sequences
• What is recombinant DNA technology used for?

  Creating new genetic sequences
• DNA sequencing determines the exact order of nucleotides in DNA.


  True
• Recombinant DNA technology creates novel genetic combinations.


  True
• In gel electrophoresis, DNA samples are loaded into a gel matrix.


  True
• What enzymes are required in recombinant DNA technology to cut and splice DNA?

  Restriction enzymes
• What is the purpose of genetic engineering?

  Altering an organism's genes
• Steps in PCR

  1️⃣ Obtain a small sample of DNA

  2️⃣ Add DNA primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides

  3️⃣ Repeatedly heat and cool the sample
• Steps in recombinant DNA technology

  1️⃣ Identify a desired gene from one organism

  2️⃣ Use enzymes to cut the DNA and extract the gene

  3️⃣ Insert the gene into the DNA of another organism
• In gel electrophoresis, DNA samples are loaded into a gel
• What is the first step in gene cloning?

  Isolate a target gene
• Match the technique with its key difference:

  Recombinant DNA technology ↔️ Combines DNA from different sources

  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ↔️ Amplifies specific DNA sequences

  Gel electrophoresis ↔️ Separates DNA by size

  DNA sequencing ↔️ Determines nucleotide order

  Gene cloning ↔️ Creates multiple copies of a gene
• What is one application of gel electrophoresis?

  Identify genetic mutations
• One example of gene isolation is selecting a gene for insulin production
• Match the step in genetic engineering with its example:

  Gene isolation ↔️ Selecting a gene for insulin production

  Gene insertion ↔️ Inserting the insulin gene into bacteria

  Modification ↔️ Bacteria producing insulin