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Topic 4: Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
4.2 Genetic Engineering
4.2.1 Techniques
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Gene insertion involves placing an isolated gene into another
organism's
DNA.
True
What does recombinant DNA technology involve?
Cutting and splicing DNA
What is the purpose of DNA sequencing?
Determining nucleotide order
What is the purpose of recombinant DNA technology?
Creating new genetic sequences
DNA sequencing determines the exact order of
nucleotides
Match the genetic engineering technique with its description:
Recombinant DNA technology ↔️ Cutting and splicing DNA segments
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ↔️ Amplifying specific DNA sequences
Gel electrophoresis ↔️ Separating DNA fragments by size
DNA sequencing ↔️ Determining the order of nucleotides
Order the steps involved in creating recombinant DNA:
1️⃣ Isolate the desired gene
2️⃣ Cut the gene and plasmid DNA
3️⃣ Combine the gene and plasmid
4️⃣ Insert the recombinant DNA into a host
What does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments based on?
Size and charge
Steps in Recombinant DNA technology
1️⃣ Identify a desired gene from one organism
2️⃣ Use enzymes to cut the DNA and extract the gene
3️⃣ Insert the gene into the DNA of another organism
What process is repeated during PCR to make copies of the target DNA?
Heating and cooling
Steps in Gene cloning
1️⃣ Isolate a target gene from an organism's DNA
2️⃣ Insert the gene into a vector (e.g. plasmid)
3️⃣ Introduce the vector into a host organism
Gel electrophoresis is a simple and cost-effective method for analyzing DNA
fragments
DNA sequencing determines the
genetic
composition of a DNA molecule.
True
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) requires DNA primers, DNA polymerase enzyme, and
nucleotides
What type of sample is required for PCR?
Small DNA sample
Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different
organisms
.
True
Steps in gene cloning
1️⃣ Isolate a target gene from an organism's DNA
2️⃣ Insert the gene into a vector
3️⃣ Introduce the vector into a host organism
PCR is used for the rapid detection and diagnosis of
genetic
diseases.
What is an example of a therapeutic protein produced using gene cloning?
Insulin
What is the definition of genetic engineering?
Altering an organism's genes
What happens to bacteria after the insulin gene is inserted into their DNA?
They produce insulin
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) allows the rapid amplification of specific DNA
sequences
Gene cloning creates multiple identical copies of a gene within a host
organism
PCR amplifies specific
DNA sequences
to produce a large number of copies.
True
Genetic engineering allows
scientists
to introduce new or enhanced characteristics in organisms.
True
What does recombinant DNA technology create by combining genetic material from different sources?
New genetic sequences
What is recombinant DNA technology used for?
Creating new genetic sequences
DNA sequencing determines the exact order of
nucleotides
in DNA.
True
Recombinant DNA technology creates novel
genetic
combinations.
True
In gel electrophoresis,
DNA
samples are loaded into a gel matrix.
True
What enzymes are required in recombinant DNA technology to cut and splice DNA?
Restriction enzymes
What is the purpose of genetic engineering?
Altering an organism's genes
Steps in PCR
1️⃣ Obtain a small sample of DNA
2️⃣ Add DNA primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides
3️⃣ Repeatedly heat and cool the sample
Steps in recombinant DNA technology
1️⃣ Identify a desired gene from one organism
2️⃣ Use enzymes to cut the DNA and extract the gene
3️⃣ Insert the gene into the DNA of another organism
In gel electrophoresis, DNA samples are loaded into a
gel
What is the first step in gene cloning?
Isolate a target gene
Match the technique with its key difference:
Recombinant DNA technology ↔️ Combines DNA from different sources
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ↔️ Amplifies specific DNA sequences
Gel electrophoresis ↔️ Separates DNA by size
DNA sequencing ↔️ Determines nucleotide order
Gene cloning ↔️ Creates multiple copies of a gene
What is one application of gel electrophoresis?
Identify genetic mutations
One example of gene isolation is selecting a gene for insulin
production
Match the step in genetic engineering with its example:
Gene isolation ↔️ Selecting a gene for insulin production
Gene insertion ↔️ Inserting the insulin gene into bacteria
Modification ↔️ Bacteria producing insulin
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