2.1.2 Biodiversity

• Biodiversity contributes to the stability and resilience of ecosystems
• Genetic diversity refers to the variation in the genetic makeup within a single species
• Order the reasons why biodiversity is crucial:

  1️⃣ Ecosystem stability

  2️⃣ Resource provision

  3️⃣ Scientific and cultural value
• How does ecosystem stability depend on biodiversity?

  Diverse roles ensure function
• Pollution reduces biodiversity by contaminating the environment.


  True
• How do invasive species affect biodiversity?

  Outcompete native species
• What does species richness measure?

  Number of species
• Match the biodiversity measurement method with its description:

  Species Richness ↔️ Counts the number of species

  Species Evenness ↔️ Measures relative abundance

  Simpson's Diversity Index ↔️ Quantifies biodiversity
• Genetic diversity is the variation of genes within a single species.


  True
• Genetic diversity refers to the genetic makeup within a single species.


  True
• Biodiversity provides essential resources such as food, medicine, and water.


  True
• Pollution contaminates the environment, reducing the ability of many species to thrive
• What is the effect of overexploitation on biodiversity?

  Leads to population decline
• What does biodiversity refer to?

  Variety of living organisms
• What is species diversity in biodiversity?

  Variety of species
• Why is ecosystem diversity important for biodiversity?

  Richness of life on Earth
• Biodiversity has cultural value because it contributes to aesthetic and recreational activities.


  True
• What effect does habitat destruction have on biodiversity?

  Reduces living space
• Pollution contaminates the environment, making it unsuitable for many species, which reduces biodiversity.


  True
• Steps for measuring biodiversity using scientific methods

  1️⃣ Calculate species richness

  2️⃣ Measure species evenness

  3️⃣ Apply Simpson's Diversity Index
• Simpson's Diversity Index provides a comprehensive measure of biodiversity but can be sensitive to small changes in rare species.


  True
• Species diversity refers to the range of different species in a given area
• What does species diversity measure in biodiversity?

  Variety of species
• Why is biodiversity crucial for ecosystem stability?

  Resilient to disturbances
• What effect does habitat destruction have on biodiversity?

  Reduces living space
• Biodiversity includes the diversity of species, genetic diversity, and the variety of ecosystems.

  True
• Match the type of diversity with its description:

  Species diversity ↔️ Variety of different species

  Genetic diversity ↔️ Variation in genetic makeup

  Ecosystem diversity ↔️ Variety of ecosystems
• Biodiversity provides essential resources for human use, including food, medicine, and timber
• Antibiotics and vaccines are often derived from diverse ecosystems
• What is the effect of habitat destruction on biodiversity?

  Reduces living space
• Overexploitation of species through excessive hunting or harvesting can decrease biodiversity.


  True
• Species evenness is calculated using Shannon's diversity index and its maximum value, which is ln(S)
• What three components does biodiversity include?

  Species, genetic, ecosystems
• What does ecosystem diversity refer to?

  Variety of ecosystems
• Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of different ecosystems
• Biodiversity contributes significantly to cultural heritage and provides aesthetic and recreational value
• How does climate change affect biodiversity?

  Alters environmental conditions
• Scientists use three primary methods to measure biodiversity: species richness, species evenness, and Simpson's Diversity Index.
• Simpson's Diversity Index quantifies biodiversity by considering species abundance and distribution.


  True
• Order the major threats to biodiversity from most to least impactful.

  1️⃣ Habitat destruction

  2️⃣ Pollution

  3️⃣ Climate change

  4️⃣ Invasive species

  5️⃣ Overexploitation