5.1 The Enlightenment

• John Locke advocated for natural rights to life, liberty, and property
• Montesquieu proposed the separation of powers
• Increased literacy facilitated the spread of Enlightenment ideas
• Enlightenment ideas continue to shape modern democratic principles.

  True
• What led to the decline of absolute monarchies and the rise of nation-states?

  Political transformations
• In what century did the Enlightenment emerge?

  18th century
• What was the main contribution of Montesquieu to the U.S. government structure?

  Separation of powers
• How did the Enlightenment concept of reason influence government during the American and French Revolutions?

  Challenged traditional authority
• What were the core values of the Enlightenment?

  Reason, individual rights, liberty
• The decline of absolute monarchies and the rise of nation-states led to the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and the consent of the governed
• The growth of a prosperous merchant class and increased literacy facilitated the spread of Enlightenment ideas about individual rights and liberty
• Match the Enlightenment thinker with their key idea:

  John Locke ↔️ Natural rights

  Montesquieu ↔️ Separation of powers

  Jean-Jacques Rousseau ↔️ Social contract
• Enlightenment philosophers challenged traditional authority and promoted new ideas about individual rights.


  True
• The Enlightenment concept of reason inspired a shift towards basing government on rational principles.

  True
• Which revolutionary document reflects Enlightenment ideas about freedom of speech and religion?

  American Declaration of Independence
• The Enlightenment inspired revolutionary movements in America and France.


  True
• Rousseau argued for a social contract between the people and their government.


  True
• How did the Commercial Revolution influence the Enlightenment?

  Debates about economic policy
• What social class grew in wealth and influence during the Enlightenment?

  Merchant class
• The Commercial Revolution and mercantilism generated wealth and trade, leading to debates about economic policy and the role of government
• Match the Enlightenment philosopher with their key idea:

  John Locke ↔️ Natural rights

  Montesquieu ↔️ Separation of powers

  Jean-Jacques Rousseau ↔️ Social contract
• Arrange the core concepts of the Enlightenment in order of their importance:

  1️⃣ Reason

  2️⃣ Individual Rights

  3️⃣ Liberty
• The American Declaration of Independence was influenced by the Enlightenment concept of individual rights
• The Enlightenment emerged during a period of significant political, social, and economic transformations.


  True
• The Enlightenment emerged in the 18th century against a backdrop of significant political, social, and economic transformations
• What was the economic system that generated debates about economic policy during the Enlightenment?

  Mercantilism
• Which Enlightenment thinker argued for natural rights to life, liberty, and property?

  John Locke
• What is the Enlightenment concept that emphasizes logical thinking and empirical evidence?

  Reason
• The Enlightenment's emphasis on equality was universally applied to all groups in society.

  False
• What were the core principles of the Enlightenment?

  Reason, rights, and liberty
• What document did John Locke's ideas influence?

  Declaration of Independence
• What political transformation created a need for new forms of governance during the Enlightenment?

  Rise of nation-states
• Match the Enlightenment philosopher with their key idea:

  John Locke ↔️ Natural rights

  Montesquieu ↔️ Separation of powers

  Jean-Jacques Rousseau ↔️ Social contract
• The growth of a prosperous merchant class increased the spread of Enlightenment ideas
• The Enlightenment emphasized reason, individual rights, and liberty as the basis for government and society.


  True
• John Locke's concept of government by consent influenced the American Declaration of Independence
• Individual rights include freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair trial.

  True
• Match the Enlightenment thinker with their influence:

  John Locke ↔️ Declaration of Independence

  Jean-Jacques Rousseau ↔️ French Revolution

  Montesquieu ↔️ U.S. government structure
• What idea did Montesquieu contribute to the U.S. government?

  Separation of powers
• The decline of absolute monarchies inspired the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and consent of the governed.

  True