2.3.3 Findings and Implications

• The Three Mountains Task is a useful tool for assessing a child's cognitive development, particularly their progress in perspective-taking and object permanence.


  True
• Children in the preoperational stage can mentally reverse a sequence of events or transformations.

  False
• Younger children in the Three Mountains Task struggle with decentration, which means they cannot consider others' perspectives.


  True
• Match the characteristic of the preoperational stage with its description:

  Egocentrism ↔️ Difficulty considering others' viewpoints

  Centration ↔️ Focusing on one aspect of a situation

  Irreversibility ↔️ Inability to mentally reverse events

  Lack of conservation ↔️ Failure to understand quantity remains the same
• What was the purpose of the Three Mountains Task designed by Jean Piaget?

  Assess perspective-taking
• What cognitive limitation does the inability to describe the doll's view in the Three Mountains Task suggest in younger children?

  Lack of decentration
• What is the term for the preoperational child's inability to understand that the quantity of something remains the same despite changes in its appearance?

  Lack of conservation
• Older children in the Three Mountains Task succeeded because they developed the ability to understand that others have different thoughts and perspectives, a concept known as theory
• Younger children in the Three Mountains Task struggled because they could not consider perspectives other than their own.


  True
• What cognitive abilities was the Three Mountains Task designed to assess?

  Object permanence and perspective-taking
• What does the Three Mountains Task suggest about a child's cognitive development?

  Progress in perspective-taking and object permanence
• Egocentrism in the preoperational stage is the inability to consider others' perspectives.


  True
• Match the finding from the Three Mountains Experiment with its implication:

  Younger children struggled to take the doll's perspective ↔️ Indicates difficulty with decentration

  Older children could accurately describe the doll's view ↔️ Demonstrates development of theory of mind
• The Three Mountains Task highlights the transition from egocentrism to perspective-taking during the preoperational stage.


  True
• The Three Mountains Task alone provides a comprehensive assessment of a child's cognitive abilities.

  False
• Younger children in the Three Mountains Task struggled to take the doll's perspective because they lacked the ability to consider perspectives other than their own, known as decentration
• Egocentrism, a characteristic of Piaget's preoperational stage, refers to the difficulty children have in considering perspectives other than their own
• Order the stages of Piaget's cognitive development

  1️⃣ Sensorimotor stage

  2️⃣ Preoperational stage

  3️⃣ Concrete operational stage

  4️⃣ Formal operational stage
• What is the term for the preoperational child's difficulty in considering perspectives other than their own?

  Egocentrism
• What is the ability to recognize that others have different thoughts and experiences called?

  Perspective-taking
• Younger children in the Three Mountains Task struggled because they lacked decentration.


  True
• Stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development

  1️⃣ Sensorimotor stage

  2️⃣ Preoperational stage

  3️⃣ Concrete operational stage

  4️⃣ Formal operational stage
• Children in the preoperational stage focus on one aspect of a situation due to centration.
• What is the difference between egocentrism and perspective-taking?

  Egocentrism views world solely from own perspective, while perspective-taking understands others' viewpoints
• What is one criticism of the Three Mountains Task regarding its complexity?

  May be too complex for young children
• Older children in the Three Mountains Task succeeded because they developed perspective-taking abilities.


  True
• Older children in the Three Mountains Task demonstrated the development of theory of mind.
• What age range does the preoperational stage span?

  2-7 years
• Which two cognitive limitations of the preoperational stage does the Three Mountains Task assess?

  Decentration and theory of mind
• Younger children's difficulty with the Three Mountains Task suggests they struggle with decentration.
• Cultural biases in the Three Mountains Task may arise because the mountain model is not familiar to all children.