6.4.2 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

• What is blood glucose?

  Glucose in the bloodstream
• What is the role of glycogen storage in blood glucose control?

  Store excess glucose
• What is the primary function of insulin in blood glucose control?

  Lowers blood glucose
• Where does insulin facilitate glucose uptake into cells?

  Liver and muscles
• Insulin promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen
• Blood glucose concentration is maintained by insulin and glucagon.


  True
• Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas.

  True
• Insulin increases the expression of glucose transporters on cell surfaces.


  True
• What hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

  Insulin
• Steps in the mechanism of glucagon to increase blood glucose levels:

  1️⃣ Glucagon binds to liver cell receptors

  2️⃣ Glycogenolysis is stimulated

  3️⃣ Glycogen is broken down into glucose

  4️⃣ Glucose is released into the bloodstream
• Match the hormone with its source and function:

  Insulin ↔️ Beta cells, Lowers blood glucose

  Glucagon ↔️ Alpha cells, Raises blood glucose
• Insulin is released when blood glucose levels rise.


  True
• Match the process with its definition or description:

  Glycogenesis ↔️ Synthesis of glycogen from glucose

  Glycogenolysis ↔️ Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
• What is blood glucose?

  Glucose in bloodstream
• Hyperglycemia can damage blood vessels over time.


  True
• The process where glycogen is broken down into glucose is called glycogenolysis
• Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas
• Glycogenolysis is stimulated by low blood glucose levels and glucagon.

  True
• What is the normal range for blood glucose levels in mg/dL?

  70-100
• Glucagon increases blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis
• Blood glucose is essential for providing energy to cells
• Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by binding to cell receptors.

  True
• Insulin inhibits the breakdown of glycogen.

  True
• What is the primary function of glucagon in blood glucose control?

  Increases blood glucose
• Order the events that occur when blood glucose levels rise:

  1️⃣ Insulin is released

  2️⃣ Glucose uptake by cells increases

  3️⃣ Excess glucose is converted to glycogen
• What happens when blood glucose levels drop below normal?

  Glucagon is released
• Insulin promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen
• Match the function of insulin with its mechanism:

  Glucose Uptake ↔️ Increases glucose transporter expression

  Glycogenesis ↔️ Converts glucose into glycogen

  Inhibition of Glycogenolysis ↔️ Prevents glycogen breakdown

  Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis ↔️ Reduces glucose production from non-carbohydrates
• What process does glucagon stimulate to release glucose into the bloodstream?

  Glycogenolysis
• Which pancreatic cells produce insulin?

  Beta cells
• What is the primary function of glucagon?

  Raises blood glucose
• The liver stores glycogen for whole-body glucose needs.


  True
• A normal blood glucose level ranges from 70 to 100 mg/dL.
• Steps in the process of glucagon-mediated glucose release:

  1️⃣ Glucagon binds to liver cell receptors

  2️⃣ Glycogenolysis is stimulated

  3️⃣ Gluconeogenesis is promoted

  4️⃣ Glucose is released into the bloodstream
• Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and glycerol.


  True
• Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream.


  True
• What organ stores glycogen for whole-body glucose needs?

  Liver
• Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance.


  True
• Pancreatic islet cells produce both insulin and glucagon.


  True
• Match the blood glucose level with its state:

  70-100 mg/dL ↔️ Normal

  < 70 mg/dL ↔️ Hypoglycemia

  > 125 mg/dL (fasting) ↔️ Hyperglycemia