6.4.1 Principles of Homeostasis

• What does homeostasis refer to in biology?

  Stable internal environment
• What is the role of receptors in a homeostatic mechanism?

  Detect environmental changes
• Steps in a feedback loop to maintain homeostasis

  1️⃣ Receptor detects change

  2️⃣ Control center processes information

  3️⃣ Effector responds to restore balance
• What are some variables monitored by receptors in the body?

  Temperature, pH, water levels
• Receptors transmit information to the control center when they detect changes outside the normal range.


  True
• Match the effector type with its response:

  Muscles ↔️ Shiver to generate heat

  Glands ↔️ Secrete hormones

  Blood vessels ↔️ Dilate or constrict
• A homeostatic mechanism consists of three main components: receptor, control center, and effector
• What is the role of effectors in homeostasis?

  Execute necessary actions
• Which variable do temperature receptors monitor?

  Body temperature
• What is the primary response of glands to maintain homeostasis?

  Secrete hormones
• Blood vessels dilate or constrict to regulate blood flow and temperature
• Steps of negative feedback in temperature regulation:

  1️⃣ Thermoreceptors detect a change in body temperature

  2️⃣ Signals are sent to the hypothalamus

  3️⃣ Sweat glands are activated to produce sweat

  4️⃣ Body temperature decreases

  5️⃣ Hypothalamus reduces sweat production
• Childbirth is an example of positive feedback where uterine contractions intensify until the baby is delivered.


  True
• What is an example of negative feedback in the body?

  Body temperature regulation
• Receptors detect changes in variables like temperature, pH, or water levels
• Receptors detect changes or deviations from the normal range in the internal environment
• Effectors reverse deviations from the set point in homeostasis.


  True
• Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism that reduces or reverses the initial change
• Positive feedback amplifies the initial change, pushing the system further away from its set
• What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth in positive feedback?

  Oxytocin
• What effector is involved in water balance regulation?

  Kidneys
• Homeostasis is crucial for optimal cell function because cells require a specific range of conditions
• The control center in a homeostatic mechanism processes information from the receptor
• The three components of a homeostatic mechanism work together to maintain a stable internal environment.


  True
• Temperature receptors monitor body temperature.
• Effectors execute responses based on instructions from the control center
• Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.


  True
• What do receptors detect in the internal environment?

  Changes or deviations
• Receptors monitor variables such as temperature, pH, or oxygen levels
• The feedback loop in homeostasis ensures optimal cell function by maintaining a stable internal environment.


  True
• Match the effector type with its response:

  Muscles ↔️ Regulate body temperature

  Glands ↔️ Adjust blood sugar

  Blood vessels ↔️ Control blood flow
• Effectors, receptors, and the control center form a feedback loop to maintain homeostasis.


  True
• Thermoreceptors in the skin and hypothalamus detect changes in body temperature
• What is the primary goal of negative feedback in homeostasis?

  Maintain stability
• Homeostasis ensures that an organism maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  True
• Steps of a homeostatic feedback loop:

  1️⃣ Receptors detect a change

  2️⃣ Signals are sent to the control center

  3️⃣ The control center coordinates a response

  4️⃣ Effectors execute the response

  5️⃣ The internal environment returns to normal
• The hypothalamus acts as the control center for temperature regulation in the body.

  True
• Receptors monitor variables such as temperature, pH, water balance, and blood sugar levels
• Once a receptor detects a change, it sends the information to the control center
• Steps of a homeostatic mechanism using effectors in response to a temperature drop:

  1️⃣ Temperature receptors detect a drop in body temperature

  2️⃣ The hypothalamus processes the signal

  3️⃣ Muscles shiver to generate heat

  4️⃣ Body temperature rises