4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed

• What was the primary goal of European powers during the era of transoceanic interconnections?

  Influence and wealth expansion
• Portugal's economic focus in its maritime empire was the spice and slave trade
• Maritime empires facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures but also led to conflicts and exploitation.


  True
• Which European power employed indirect rule in India?

  British
• What was the era known as during which transoceanic interconnections occurred?

  1450-1750
• Which European power developed settlement colonies in North America?

  English
• The Spanish maritime empire focused on precious metals and agriculture
• What was the primary economic focus of the French maritime empire?

  Fur trade and sugar production
• What are the advantages of direct rule as a governance strategy?

  Uniform administration, efficient resource extraction
• Which governance strategy focused on controlling key routes and resources?

  Trading posts
• What was one major consequence of European expansion on indigenous populations?

  Disease epidemics
• What did indigenous communities use to resist European dominance?

  Resistance movements
• Order the effects of European dominance on indigenous cultures:

  1️⃣ Cultural assimilation

  2️⃣ Economic disruption

  3️⃣ Social stratification

  4️⃣ Disease epidemics

  5️⃣ Resistance movements
• The European powers competed for control of trade routes, resources, and territories
• Wars such as the Anglo-Dutch Wars were fought between European powers competing for dominance
• Match the maritime empire with its key territories and economic focus:

  Portugal ↔️ Brazil, Southeast Asia, Spice and slave trade

  Spain ↔️ Americas, Precious metals and agriculture

  England ↔️ North America, India, Trade and resource extraction

  France ↔️ North America, Caribbean, Fur trade and sugar production

  Netherlands ↔️ Southeast Asia, Spice and commodity trade
• What were the main characteristics of direct rule in colonial administration?

  European governors and legal systems
• What was the primary focus of trading posts established by European powers?

  Commercial exchanges
• What did European powers use direct rule to impose on colonies?

  European culture
• What was the primary focus of trading posts established by European powers?

  Commercial exchanges
• Trade networks during the era of transoceanic interconnections facilitated global commerce.


  True
• Arrange the effects of European empires on indigenous cultures in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Suppression of languages

  2️⃣ Displacement from lands

  3️⃣ Disease epidemics

  4️⃣ Organized resistance movements
• Governing distant territories posed logistical and administrative difficulties
• Arrange the factors leading to the decline of European maritime empires:

  1️⃣ Competition and conflicts

  2️⃣ Administrative and logistical challenges

  3️⃣ Resistance from indigenous populations
• Competition and wars between European powers weakened their maritime empires.


  True
• Growing nationalist sentiments among colonized populations led to independence movements
• Neocolonialism refers to European powers maintaining control through trade agreements and financial institutions
• The spread of languages and religions from the colonial era has led to increased cultural diversity.


  True
• The geographical scope of maritime empires included the Americas, Africa, and Asia.


  True
• Which European power controlled the spice and commodity trade in Southeast Asia?

  Netherlands
• The Spanish used direct rule in the Americas by appointing European governors
• Trading posts focused on commercial exchanges rather than full political control.

  True
• Indirect rule was employed by the British in India to maintain order and extract resources.


  True
• Which European maritime power focused on the spice and slave trade?

  Portugal
• European maritime empires facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures.

  True
• Settlement colonies encouraged European settlers and local self-governance.


  True
• European maritime empires led to the cultural assimilation of indigenous societies.

  True
• Match the area of impact with its effects on indigenous cultures and societies:

  Cultural Assimilation ↔️ Loss of language and traditions

  Economic Disruption ↔️ Displacement from lands, labor exploitation

  Social Stratification ↔️ Undermining social structures, marginalization

  Resistance Movements ↔️ Organized attempts to resist European dominance
• What caused widespread mortality among indigenous populations?

  Disease epidemics
• What were the main effects of economic disruption on indigenous communities?

  Displacement and labor exploitation