1.3.3 Water Purification

• Water purification is essential for removing harmful contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, and chemicals
• Boiling water kills most microorganisms but does not remove chemicals or sediment.


  True
• Agricultural runoff can introduce pesticides, fertilizers, and animal waste into water.


  True
• Clean water reduces waterborne diseases and improves overall well-being.


  True
• Chlorination is an effective and affordable disinfectant that may produce disinfection byproducts
• Sewage is a source of water impurities that includes pathogens and organic matter
• Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.


  True
• Steps in the filtration method of water purification

  1️⃣ Pass water through a filter

  2️⃣ Remove suspended solids and some bacteria

  3️⃣ Ensure cost-effectiveness
• Disease-causing microorganisms in water are called pathogens
• Boiling water is highly effective at killing pathogens
• Boiling water removes all chemicals and sediment

  False
• Distillation is the most energy-efficient water purification method

  False
• Which purification method is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to prevent contamination?

  Distillation
• Match the water purification method with its limitation:

  Filtration ↔️ Does not remove all chemicals

  Boiling ↔️ Does not remove sediment

  Chlorination ↔️ May produce disinfection byproducts

  Distillation ↔️ High energy consumption
• Industrial waste can introduce dissolved chemicals, heavy metals, and oils into water
• Dissolved chemicals include inorganic salts, heavy metals, and organic compounds
• Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.


  True
• Boiling water kills pathogens but does not remove chemicals or sediment.


  True
• Match the water purification method with its effectiveness:

  Filtration ↔️ Removes suspended solids and some bacteria

  Boiling ↔️ Kills most microorganisms

  Chlorination ↔️ Kills pathogens but may produce byproducts

  Distillation ↔️ Removes all contaminants
• Traditional water purification methods like distillation are energy-intensive
• Match the sustainable water purification method with its benefits and limitations:

  Solar Distillation ↔️ Renewable energy, pure water; Weather-dependent, slower

  Rainwater Harvesting ↔️ Conserves water, reduces runoff; Requires storage, may need pre-treatment

  UV Sterilization ↔️ No chemicals, effective disinfection; No removal of solids or dissolved substances
• Filtration is a water purification method that removes suspended solids and some bacteria
• Industrial waste is a source of water impurities that includes dissolved chemicals, heavy metals, and oils
• Natural processes can introduce suspended solids and dissolved minerals into water.


  True
• Identifying the sources and types of water impurities is crucial for selecting the appropriate purification methods
• Water impurities can be classified into three main categories: suspended solids, dissolved chemicals, and pathogens
• Why is it crucial to identify the sources and types of water impurities?

  To select purification methods
• What byproduct may result from chlorination of water?

  Disinfection byproducts
• Match the purification method with its limitation:

  Filtration ↔️ Does not remove all pathogens

  Boiling ↔️ Does not remove chemicals

  Chlorination ↔️ May produce byproducts

  Distillation ↔️ High energy consumption
• Chlorination is effective at killing pathogens but may produce byproducts
• What factors determine the choice of water purification method?

  Contaminants and purity level
• In the electronics industry, purified water is used to prevent corrosion
• What type of contaminants does boiling remove from water?

  Pathogens
• Suspended solids are dissolved in water

  False
• What type of impurities are associated with industrial waste?

  Dissolved chemicals, heavy metals, oils
• Identifying the sources and types of water impurities is crucial for selecting the appropriate purification methods
• What chemical is added to water during chlorination to disinfect it?

  Chlorine
• Arrange the following water purification methods from least to most energy-intensive:

  1️⃣ Filtration

  2️⃣ Boiling

  3️⃣ Chlorination

  4️⃣ Distillation
• What are two methods to minimize chemical waste in water purification?

  UV sterilization and ozone treatment
• Adopting sustainable water purification practices ensures clean water while preserving the environment for future generations.

  True