3.2 Introduction to Planning a Study

• What is the first step in planning a study as described in the study material?

  Identify the research question
• The population in statistics refers to the entire group of individuals or objects being studied
• In simple random sampling, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
• In simple random sampling, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

  True
• Match the sampling method with its description:

  Simple Random Sampling ↔️ Each member has equal chance of selection

  Systematic Sampling ↔️ Members are selected at regular intervals

  Stratified Sampling ↔️ Population is divided into subgroups

  Cluster Sampling ↔️ Random sample of clusters is selected
• Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each data collection method is crucial for obtaining accurate data.


  True
• Clearly defining the research question ensures the study is well-designed and focused.

  True
• If studying the average height of all college students, the population is all college students
• Give an example of a population in research.

  All college students
• Match the sampling method with its description:

  Simple Random Sampling ↔️ Equal chance for all

  Systematic Sampling ↔️ Regular intervals from a list

  Stratified Sampling ↔️ Divide into subgroups

  Cluster Sampling ↔️ Divide into clusters
• What is a weakness of observations as a data collection method?

  Observer bias
• The research question is the specific question that the study aims to answer
• Match the type of research question with its description:

  Descriptive ↔️ Aims to describe a characteristic

  Comparative ↔️ Aims to compare groups

  Correlational ↔️ Investigates relationships

  Causal ↔️ Determines if one variable causes changes
• What is the primary difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

  Sample is a subset of population
• Systematic sampling involves selecting members at random from a population list.

  False
• In simple random sampling, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
• The choice of sampling method depends on the research question and population characteristics.

  True
• Organizing data involves storing it in a structured format, such as spreadsheets or databases
• The research question guides the selection of data collection methods, sampling strategies, and data analysis
• The population refers to the entire group of individuals or objects being studied
• What is the definition of a population in research?

  The entire group studied
• In simple random sampling, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.


  True
• Steps to ensure the sample is representative of the population:

  1️⃣ Define the population

  2️⃣ Choose an appropriate sampling method

  3️⃣ Consider research question

  4️⃣ Consider population characteristics
• Experiments in research often use a controlled environment to test causal relationships
• Inferential statistics are used to draw conclusions about the population
• Research questions can only be descriptive in nature.

  False
• Why is it important to clearly define the research question at the outset of a study?

  Ensures the study is well-designed
• Arrange the following sampling methods from simplest to most complex:

  1️⃣ Simple Random Sampling

  2️⃣ Systematic Sampling

  3️⃣ Stratified Sampling
• The next step after defining the population and sample is to choose an appropriate sampling method
• In stratified sampling, the population is divided into subgroups called strata
• When developing a data collection method, it should align with the research question and the characteristics of the population
• Proper data management and analysis are essential for drawing valid conclusions from the data.


  True
• Match the type of research question with its description:

  Descriptive ↔️ Describes a characteristic or phenomenon

  Comparative ↔️ Compares differences between groups

  Correlational ↔️ Investigates relationships between variables

  Causal ↔️ Determines if one variable causes another
• A sample is always easier to study than the entire population.


  True
• The population includes all members but may be too large to examine completely
• In systematic sampling, members are selected at regular intervals
• Surveys are efficient but may suffer from response bias.

  True
• Interviews provide rich, detailed data but are time-consuming.


  True
• What is the purpose of data visualization in research?

  Present data clearly
• Descriptive statistics summarize key characteristics of the data.

  True