1.5.1 Photosynthesis

• What is the definition of photosynthesis?

  Conversion of CO2 and H2O
• What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  Absorb sunlight
• What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

  CO₂ and H₂O
• What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in the light-dependent stage?

  Generate a proton gradient
• What is photosynthesis defined as?

  Conversion of CO₂ and H₂O into glucose and O₂ using sunlight
• Chlorophyll is found within chloroplasts and absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.


  True
• The light-dependent stage of photosynthesis requires direct sunlight to occur.

  True
• What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

  Fix CO₂ into glucose
• Match the photosynthetic stages with their locations and products:

  Light-Dependent ↔️ Thylakoid membrane, ATP, NADPH, O₂

  Light-Independent ↔️ Stroma, Glucose, ADP, NADP+
• Increasing CO₂ concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis up to an optimal level.
• Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate climate change.
• Photosynthetic organisms like algae can be used to produce renewable biofuels like biodiesel.
• Chloroplasts are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place.
• What does chlorophyll absorb in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?

  Sunlight
• What happens to sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts?

  Electron transport
• The light-independent stage uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose
• What is regenerated to continue the Calvin cycle?

  RuBP
• Beyond the optimal temperature, the rate of photosynthesis decreases
• How does photosynthesis help mitigate climate change?

  Removes carbon dioxide
• Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.


  True
• The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

  True
• ATP and NADPH are produced during the light-dependent stage.


  True
• ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent stage power the Calvin cycle.


  True
• Which pigment absorbs sunlight in photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll
• The balanced equation shows that six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water produce one molecule of glucose
• Steps in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis

  1️⃣ Light absorption by chlorophyll

  2️⃣ Electron transport along an electron transport chain

  3️⃣ ATP synthesis via a proton gradient

  4️⃣ NADPH synthesis
• Key steps in the Calvin cycle

  1️⃣ CO₂ fixation by Rubisco

  2️⃣ Reduction of 3-PGA to G3P

  3️⃣ Regeneration of RuBP
• The rate of photosynthesis decreases beyond the optimal temperature
• The rate of photosynthesis continues to increase indefinitely with rising temperature.

  False
• Photosynthesis produces oxygen, which is essential for aerobic organisms.

  True
• Match the applications of photosynthesis with their descriptions:

  Agriculture ↔️ Plant-based food production

  Biofuels ↔️ Production of biodiesel

  Carbon Sequestration ↔️ Capturing atmospheric CO₂

  Oxygen Production ↔️ Replenishing Earth's oxygen
• Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight in the chloroplasts to power photosynthesis.


  True
• The light-dependent stage of photosynthesis converts ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH using sunlight.


  True
• The light-dependent stage occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.


  True
• What is the alternative name for the light-independent stage of photosynthesis?

  Calvin cycle
• ATP and NADPH are used in the reduction step of the Calvin cycle to form G3P.

  True
• How does increasing light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis up to an optimal level?

  Increases the rate
• What essential gas is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

  Oxygen
• Match the application with its description:

  Biofuels ↔️ Renewable energy source

  Carbon Sequestration ↔️ Captures atmospheric CO2

  Oxygen Production ↔️ Replenishes Earth's oxygen
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts