5.3 Circuits

• A capacitor stores electrical charge.


  True
• What does an ammeter measure in a circuit?

  Current
• Match the circuit symbol with its function:

  Resistor ↔️ Opposes the flow of current

  Capacitor ↔️ Stores electrical charge

  Power Supply ↔️ Provides electrical energy

  Switch ↔️ Opens or closes the circuit
• Kirchhoff's Current Law states that the total current entering a node equals the total current leaving it.


  True
• In a series circuit, the same current flows through all components.


  True
• A resistor opposes the flow of current
• Match the component with its description:

  Switch ↔️ Allows current to flow or be interrupted

  Ammeter ↔️ Measures the current in a circuit

  Voltmeter ↔️ Measures the potential difference
• Circuit components enable the controlled movement of electric charge.


  True
• An ammeter in a circuit diagram is represented by a circle
• Match the law with its focus:

  KCL ↔️ Current at a node

  KVL ↔️ Voltage around a loop
• How are components connected in a series circuit?

  In a single loop
• How are components connected in a parallel circuit?

  To the same terminals
• What does a resistor do in a circuit?

  Opposes the flow of current
• What does a switch do in a circuit?

  Allows or interrupts current flow
• Match the component with its function:

  Resistor ↔️ Opposes current flow

  Capacitor ↔️ Stores electrical charge

  Power Supply ↔️ Provides electrical energy

  Ammeter ↔️ Measures circuit current

  Voltmeter ↔️ Measures potential difference
• KCL focuses on the current at a node.


  True
• The total resistance in a parallel circuit is less than the smallest individual resistance.


  True
• In a parallel circuit, the current divides among the branches.


  True
• Steps to solve combined series and parallel circuits:

  1️⃣ Reduce parallel resistances into a single equivalent resistance

  2️⃣ Combine all resistances in series into one equivalent resistance

  3️⃣ Calculate total current using Ohm's Law

  4️⃣ Find current distribution in parallel branches

  5️⃣ Determine voltage drop across components
• What is the total current in a circuit with a 12V power supply and a total resistance of 5Ω?

  2.4A
• What is the formula for Ohm's Law?

  $V =$$IR$
• What is the total current in a series circuit with a 12V power supply and a total resistance of 30Ω?

  0.4A
• What is the total resistance of two resistors connected in series with values of 10Ω and 20Ω?

  30Ω
• Match the circuit type with its voltage characteristic:

  Series ↔️ V = V1 + V2 + ...

  Parallel ↔️ Same across branches
• What is the primary function of a resistor in a circuit?

  Opposes current flow
• What does a voltmeter measure in a circuit?

  Potential difference
• A switch in a circuit is used to open or close the circuit.
• Kirchhoff's Current Law focuses on the current at a node.
• What is the total resistance in a series circuit equal to?

  Sum of individual resistances
• What is the relationship between the total resistance and individual resistances in a parallel circuit?

  Total resistance is less
• Match the concept with its formula:

  Equivalent resistance for parallel ↔️ \(\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \dots\)

  Equivalent resistance for series ↔️ \(R_{\text{total}} = R_1 + R_2 + \dots\)

  Ohm's Law ↔️ \(V = I \times R\)

  Current divider rule ↔️ \(I_{\text{branch}} = I_{\text{total}} \times \frac{R_{\text{opposite}}}{R_{\text{branch}} + R_{\text{opposite}}}\)
• In the example circuit, the equivalent resistance of \(R_2\) and \(R_3\) in parallel is 2Ω
• What is the total resistance in a series circuit with resistances of 2Ω, 2Ω, and 1Ω?

  5Ω
• The voltage drop across the parallel resistors in the first circuit is 4.8V.

  True
• Match the circuit configuration with its total resistance formula:

  Series ↔️ R_{\text{total}} = R_1 + R_2 + \ldots</latex>

  Parallel ↔️ $1 / R_{\text{total}} =$$1 / R_{1} +$$1 / R_{2} +$$\ldots$
• What does Ohm's Law state about the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?

  V = IR
• The formula for energy in electrical circuits is IVt
• The energy consumed by a 24W device in 5 minutes is 7200J.


  True
• Energy is the rate at which work is performed.

  False
• What is a potential divider (voltage divider)?

  Circuit that divides voltage