2.3.2 Neurones and Synapses

• What is the function of the cell body in a neurone?

  Controls cellular activities
• What is the function of motor neurones?

  Transmit signals to effectors
• When the action potential reaches the synapse, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters
• What is the function of dendrites in a neurone?

  Receive incoming signals
• What is the function of a motor neurone?

  Transmits signals from CNS
• Which pathway does a sensory neurone use?

  Afferent pathway
• What is the primary mechanism for electrical signal transmission along neurones?

  Action potential
• Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the presynaptic neurone.

  False
• The myelin sheath is composed of a fatty layer that increases the speed of signal transmission.
• Match the term with its description:

  Action Potential ↔️ Electrical impulse along axon

  Myelin Sheath ↔️ Fatty insulation of axon

  Neurotransmitters ↔️ Chemicals released at synapse

  Synapse ↔️ Junction between two neurones
• Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neurone, potentially generating a new action potential.

  True
• What is the effect of excitatory neurotransmitters on the postsynaptic neurone?

  Increase action potential likelihood
• What effect do excitatory neurotransmitters have on the postsynaptic neurone?

  Increase action potential likelihood
• What three processes is dopamine involved in?

  Movement, reward, cognition
• What is the function of the myelin sheath in synaptic transmission?

  Increases transmission speed
• Which structure of the neurone transmits signals to other neurones or effectors?

  Axon
• Motor neurones transmit signals from the CNS to effectors
• Arrange the types of neurones based on their pathway in the nervous system.

  1️⃣ Sensory neurone (Afferent pathway)

  2️⃣ Interneurone (Integration within CNS)

  3️⃣ Motor neurone (Efferent pathway)
• Neurones consist of three main structures: the cell body, dendrites, and axon.


  True
• Neurones are specialized cells designed to transmit electrical impulses
• Match the neurone type with its function:

  Sensory neurone ↔️ Transmits sensory information

  Motor neurone ↔️ Transmits signals to effectors

  Interneurone ↔️ Connects sensory and motor neurones
• Arrange the sequence of events in the transmission of electrical signals along a neurone:

  1️⃣ Action potential is generated

  2️⃣ Electrical impulse travels along the axon

  3️⃣ Myelin sheath increases transmission speed

  4️⃣ Neurotransmitters are released at the synapse

  5️⃣ Signal continues in the next neurone
• What is the role of the presynaptic neurone in a synapse?

  Releases neurotransmitters
• Sensory neurones transmit sensory information from receptors to the CNS
• Interneurones connect sensory and motor neurones within the CNS
• Motor neurones have a short axon and long dendrites
• Saltatory conduction allows the action potential to "jump" between gaps in the myelin sheath.
• Match the term with its description:

  Action Potential ↔️ Electrical impulse along axon

  Myelin Sheath ↔️ Fatty insulation of axon

  Saltatory Conduction ↔️ Jumping of action potential
• Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when an action potential reaches the synapse.

  True
• What is the role of the presynaptic neurone in a synapse?

  Releases neurotransmitters
• What triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

  Action potential
• Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the likelihood of the postsynaptic neurone generating a new action potential.
• Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the likelihood of a new action potential in the postsynaptic neurone.


  True
• Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates mood and sleep.

  True
• Electrical transmission is bidirectional and does not require neurotransmitters.
• What is the primary function of the neurone's cell body?

  Controls cellular activities
• Match the neurone type with its function:

  Sensory neurone ↔️ Transmits sensory information to CNS

  Motor neurone ↔️ Transmits signals from CNS to effectors

  Interneurone ↔️ Connects sensory and motor neurones
• Interneurones connect sensory and motor neurones within the CNS.


  True
• Which type of neurone has a short axon and long dendrites?

  Motor neurone
• What is the role of the myelin sheath in signal transmission?

  Increases signal speed