2.2.2 Plant Growth

• Plant growth refers to the irreversible increase in size
• Cell differentiation leads to cells specializing into different types to perform specific functions
• Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells.


  True
• What key event occurs during prophase in mitosis?

  Chromosomes condense
• Where does cell division occur in plants to increase their growth?

  Meristematic tissues
• Stages of the cell cycle in plants

  1️⃣ Interphase

  2️⃣ Mitosis

  3️⃣ Cytokinesis
• What process completes the cell cycle by dividing the cytoplasm?

  Cytokinesis
• Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate during metaphase.


  True
• What three primary phases are involved in plant growth?

  Cell division, elongation, differentiation
• Cell elongation throughout the plant results in larger cells
• What is the end result of cytokinesis in the plant cell cycle?

  Two daughter cells
• What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase of mitosis?

  They separate and move to opposite poles
• What forms spindle fibers during prophase of mitosis?

  Centrosomes
• Match each mitosis stage with its key event:

  Prophase ↔️ Chromosomes condense

  Metaphase ↔️ Chromosomes align

  Anaphase ↔️ Sister chromatids separate

  Telophase ↔️ New nuclei form
• Cytokinins delay senescence in plants.


  True
• Match each meristem type with its function:

  Apical Meristem ↔️ Increase plant length

  Lateral Meristem ↔️ Increase plant thickness

  Intercalary Meristem ↔️ Regrow leaves and stems after injury
• Cell elongation results in larger cells in plants.


  True
• During mitosis, chromosomes split into two genetically identical daughter cells.
• What are the end products of mitosis?

  Two identical daughter cells
• Mitosis allows continuous growth and renewal of plant tissues through cell division


  True
• How many genetically identical daughter cells result from mitosis?

  Two
• Mitosis ensures accurate replication and distribution of genetic material.

  True
• Abscisic acid helps plants respond to stress.
• Match the type of meristem with its location and function:

  Apical Meristem ↔️ Root and shoot tips, increases length

  Lateral Meristem ↔️ Stems and roots, increases thickness

  Intercalary Meristem ↔️ Base of leaves and nodes, regrows after injury
• Where are apical meristems located in plants?

  Root and shoot tips
• What is the main effect of secondary growth in plants?

  Increase in thickness
• Primary growth increases plant thickness.

  False
• Match the type of growth with its effect:

  Primary Growth ↔️ Increase in length

  Secondary Growth ↔️ Increase in thickness
• Arrange the factors affecting plant growth based on their categories:

  1️⃣ Genetic Makeup (Internal)

  2️⃣ Plant Hormones (Internal)

  3️⃣ Sunlight (External)

  4️⃣ Water (External)

  5️⃣ Nutrients (External)

  6️⃣ Temperature (External)
• Arrange the processes involved in plant growth:

  1️⃣ Cell division

  2️⃣ Cell elongation

  3️⃣ Cell differentiation
• The longest stage of the cell cycle is interphase
• What happens to chromosomes during prophase of mitosis?

  They condense and become visible
• Arrange the phases of mitosis in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Prophase

  2️⃣ Metaphase

  3️⃣ Anaphase

  4️⃣ Telophase
• Why is mitosis important for plant growth and repair?

  Genetic material replication
• Cell division in meristematic tissues increases the number of cells in plants.


  True
• Stages of the plant cell cycle

  1️⃣ Interphase

  2️⃣ Prophase

  3️⃣ Metaphase

  4️⃣ Anaphase

  5️⃣ Telophase

  6️⃣ Cytokinesis
• Chromosomes align along the equatorial plane during metaphase of mitosis.


  True
• Cytokinesis results in two genetically identical daughter cells.


  True
• Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart to opposite poles during anaphase.

  True
• What processes do gibberellins stimulate in plants?

  Stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering