2.5 Forces and Braking

• Higher friction results in a shorter braking distance.
• Wet or icy roads can significantly increase the braking distance.
• What is the primary advantage of disc brakes over drum brakes?

  Excellent heat dissipation
• What is the formula for momentum?

  $p =$$mv$
• Lower momentum requires a shorter braking distance.


  True
• How do wet or icy roads affect braking distance?

  Increase it
• Disc brakes are commonly used in the front wheels of modern vehicles.


  True
• Match the braking system with its key characteristic:

  Disc brakes ↔️ Excellent heat dissipation

  Drum brakes ↔️ Lower cost and simpler design

  ABS ↔️ Maintains steering control
• Lower momentum results in a shorter braking distance.


  True
• A higher impulse leads to a shorter braking distance.


  True
• What is the braking distance of a car with a mass of 1500 kg traveling at 20 m/s with a braking force of 5000 N?

  30 meters
• What is the relationship between braking distance and braking force according to the formula?

  Inversely proportional
• Why is it important to understand the braking distance formula?

  To assess safety implications
• Match the factors with their effects on braking distance:

  Friction ↔️ Higher friction = shorter braking distance

  Vehicle Speed ↔️ Higher speed = longer braking distance

  Vehicle Mass ↔️ Higher mass = longer braking distance

  Road Conditions ↔️ Wet/icy roads = longer braking distance
• What are the three main types of braking systems used in vehicles?

  Disc, drum, ABS
• What is a primary advantage of drum brakes over disc brakes?

  Lower cost
• Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity.

  True
• Why does higher momentum result in a longer braking distance?

  More kinetic energy
• What is the formula for calculating braking distance?

  $d =$$\frac{mv^{2}}{2F}$
• Braking distance is directly proportional to the vehicle's mass and the square of its velocity
• Rank the following factors in order of their effect on braking distance, from most significant to least significant.

  1️⃣ Vehicle Speed

  2️⃣ Road Conditions

  3️⃣ Vehicle Mass

  4️⃣ Brake Condition
• The greater the friction, the shorter the braking distance.


  True
• A higher vehicle mass increases the braking distance.


  True
• Match the braking system with its mechanism:

  Disc Brakes ↔️ Brake pads press against a rotating disc

  Drum Brakes ↔️ Brake shoes press against a rotating drum

  Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS) ↔️ Prevents wheel lock-up during braking
• Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) reduce stopping distance and maintain steering control.


  True
• Why does higher momentum result in a longer braking distance?

  More kinetic energy
• What are two factors that affect braking distance according to the study material?

  Friction and vehicle speed
• Higher vehicle speed increases braking distance.


  True
• What are the three main types of braking systems used in vehicles?

  Disc, drum, and ABS
• What is the primary function of anti-lock braking systems (ABS)?

  Prevent wheel lock-up
• Higher momentum requires a longer
• A greater braking force applied over a shorter time results in a larger impulse
• Braking distance is directly proportional to the vehicle's mass
• The braking distance formula is d = $\frac{mv^{2}}{2F}$
• The braking distance is directly proportional to the vehicle's mass and the square of its velocity.
• What happens to braking distance when speed is doubled?

  It quadruples
• Higher friction results in a shorter braking distance.

  True
• What is the primary advantage of ABS in braking systems?

  Maintains steering control
• Disc brakes offer excellent heat dissipation compared to drum brakes.


  True
• Rank the braking systems in order of cost from least to most expensive.

  1️⃣ Drum brakes

  2️⃣ Disc brakes

  3️⃣ Anti-lock braking systems (ABS)