2.2 Representing Two Categorical Variables

• Two categorical variables are variables whose values fall into distinct categories
• In the example two-way table, there are 55 males and 45 females
• Contingency tables are suitable for analyzing quantitative data.

  False
• What do row percentages in a contingency table show?

  Distribution within row categories
• What do total percentages in a contingency table show?

  Overall distribution of combinations
• Both male and female respondents in the example contingency table favor Blue and Red relatively equally
• Match the gender with their preferred color from the example contingency table:

  Male ↔️ Blue

  Female ↔️ Red
• What is the primary purpose of a contingency table?

  Analyze relationships between variables
• A contingency table displays the frequencies of combinations from two categorical variables
• In the example contingency table, there are a total of 100 individuals
• In the example contingency table, 45.5% of males prefer the color blue
• Which color is the most preferred by both males and females in the example contingency table?

  Blue
• Match the categorical variables with their categories in the example:

  Gender ↔️ Male, Female

  Favorite Color ↔️ Blue, Red, Green
• Contingency tables display the frequencies of each combination of categories
• Once a contingency table is created, percentages can be calculated to analyze the relationship
• To calculate column percentages, divide each cell frequency by the column total
• In the example contingency table, what percentage of males prefer green?

  18.2%
• What does a two-way table display when analyzing two categorical variables?

  Frequencies of combinations
• Contingency tables make it straightforward to compare the preferences of different groups.


  True
• What is a contingency table used for?

  Analyzing relationships between categorical variables
• In the example contingency table, how many males prefer blue as their favorite color?

  25
• Row percentages show the distribution of one variable within each category of the other variable.


  True
• Quantifying relationships in a contingency table involves calculating row, column, and total percentages.


  True
• A two-way table is an excellent tool for analyzing the relationship between two categorical variables.


  True
• Two-way tables allow for easy comparison of preferences between groups.

  True
• Steps to create a contingency table:

  1️⃣ Identify the two categorical variables

  2️⃣ List categories for each variable

  3️⃣ Fill in the table with frequencies
• To calculate row percentages, you divide each cell frequency by the row total and multiply by 100.


  True
• To calculate total percentages, you divide each cell frequency by the grand total and multiply by 100.


  True
• In the example contingency table, males have a slightly stronger preference for Blue compared to females.


  True
• Contingency tables are used when analyzing the relationship between two categorical variables.
• To create a contingency table, one must first identify the two categorical variables.
• Steps to create a contingency table

  1️⃣ Identify the two categorical variables

  2️⃣ List the categories for each variable

  3️⃣ Fill in the frequencies for each combination
• What are row percentages in a contingency table used for?

  Distribution within each category
• What is one way to analyze results from a contingency table?

  Identifying differences in distributions
• A slightly higher proportion of males prefer blue compared to females.