1.2.8 Interpretation of spirometer trace

• What is vital capacity (VC)?

  Maximum air exhaled after inhalation
• The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing at rest is called tidal volume.
• Understanding spirometer components helps assess respiratory function.
• What is residual volume (RV)?

  Air remaining after maximal exhalation
• The vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation.
• What is the symbol for tidal volume?

  TV
• A spirometer trace shows the volume of air inhaled and exhaled over time.


  True
• What is the residual volume (RV)?

  Air remaining in lungs after maximal exhalation
• What is the clinical significance of measuring FVC?

  Lung function and respiratory muscle strength
• The tidal volume (TV) is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing
• The tidal volume (TV) is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing
• The total lung capacity (TLC) is calculated as vital capacity plus residual volume
• Peak expiratory flow (PEF) measures the maximum speed of exhalation at the start of a breath.


  True
• Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) is useful for diagnosing obstructive lung diseases
• A spirometer trace is a graphical representation of the volumes of air moved in and out of the lungs
• What is Residual Volume (RV)?

  Air remaining after maximal exhalation
• Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air the lungs can hold after maximal inhalation
• What does an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.60 indicate in a patient with COPD?

  Obstructed airways
• What is a spirometer trace?

  A graph of breathing volumes
• How is total lung capacity (TLC) calculated?

  VC + RV
• Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the extra air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation.


  True
• Total lung capacity (TLC) is calculated as VC + RV.


  True
• Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation.


  True
• The total lung capacity (TLC) is calculated as vital capacity plus residual volume
• Forced vital capacity (FVC) measures air exhaled with a forced component, while vital capacity (VC) does not.


  True
• Match the lung volume with its definition:

  Tidal Volume (TV) ↔️ Air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing

  Vital Capacity (VC) ↔️ Maximum air exhaled after maximal inspiration

  Residual Volume (RV) ↔️ Air remaining in lungs after maximal exhalation

  Total Lung Capacity (TLC) ↔️ Total volume of air the lungs can hold
• What volume of air remains in the lungs after a maximum exhalation?

  Residual Volume
• How is vital capacity (VC) calculated in terms of other volumes?

  TV + IRV + ERV
• The total lung capacity (TLC) is the sum of vital capacity and residual volume
• What does Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) measure?

  Maximum speed of exhalation
• Steps to analyze flow rate patterns in a spirometer trace

  1️⃣ Identify Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)

  2️⃣ Measure Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)

  3️⃣ Calculate FEV1/FVC ratio

  4️⃣ Look for constant flow rate

  5️⃣ Detect sudden changes in flow
• Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the additional air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration
• FVC measures maximum exhaled air with force, while VC measures total lung capacity without the forced component.


  True
• In obstructive conditions, FEV1 is < 80% predicted, and FEV1/FVC ratio is < 0.75.


  True
• What is an example of an obstructive lung condition?

  COPD
• What does a low FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.75 indicate?

  Obstructive lung condition
• Residual volume (RV) is the air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.


  True
• What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

  Extra air after normal inhalation
• What is vital capacity (VC)?

  TV + IRV + ERV
• How is vital capacity (VC) calculated?

  TV + IRV + ERV