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Unit 1: Criminal Psychology
1.4 Theories of Criminality
1.4.3 Social Learning Theory
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Individuals learn by observing the behaviors and consequences experienced by
others
Punishment reduces the likelihood of repeating a
behavior
Social learning theory proposes that individuals can learn criminal behavior through observing and
modeling
Match the theory of criminality with its key concept:
1️⃣ Social Learning Theory
2️⃣ Biological Theories
3️⃣ Psychological Theories
4️⃣ Structural Theories
Behaviors are less likely to be repeated if they are
punished
Social learning theory contrasts with
biological
theories, which focus on innate factors.
True
Individuals are more likely to imitate behaviors if the model is perceived as rewarding or
powerful
Behaviors are more likely to be repeated if they are reinforced.
True
Social learning theory emphasizes the social and environmental influences on
criminal behavior
.
True
What is the central concept of social learning theory?
Learning criminal behavior
What is the effect of reinforcement on behavior in social learning theory?
Increases likelihood of repetition
What does social learning theory emphasize in contrast to biological or structural theories?
Social and environmental influences
Observation and imitation are key mechanisms in
social learning theory
.
True
Negative reinforcement involves removing unpleasant stimuli to increase behavior likelihood.
True
Social learning theory posits that
individuals
learn criminal behavior through observation and imitation.
True
Reinforcement, such as praise, increases the likelihood of repeating a behavior.
True
What is the effect of punishment on behavior according to social learning theory?
Decreases likelihood of repetition
What is the definition of observation in social learning theory?
Learning by watching others
What type of reinforcement involves receiving rewards or benefits for engaging in a behavior?
Positive reinforcement
What is an example of positive reinforcement in criminal behavior?
Praise for graffiti
A teenager who observes peers engaging in theft and receiving praise may be influenced to model this
behavior
What does social learning theory oversimplify according to its weaknesses?
Complexity of criminal behavior
Observation in
social learning theory
refers to observing behaviors and their consequences.
True
Match the theory of criminality with its focus:
Social Learning Theory ↔️ Observational learning and modeling
Biological Theories ↔️ Innate, genetic, and physiological factors
Psychological Theories ↔️ Individual cognitive and personality factors
Structural Theories ↔️ Societal and environmental factors
Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to perform a specific
behavior
.
True
Teenagers might join a gang because they see gang members as influential
figures
Imitation is more likely if the model is perceived as rewarding or powerful.
True
Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to perform a
specific
behavior.
True
Order the key concepts of social learning theory:
1️⃣ Observation
2️⃣ Modeling
3️⃣ Reinforcement
4️⃣ Punishment
5️⃣ Self-efficacy
What influential factors affect observation in social learning theory?
Credibility and status of model
Social learning theory contrasts with theories that focus on individual or structural
factors
Match the social learning theory concept with its example:
Observation ↔️ A child learns to lie by watching a sibling
Modeling ↔️ A teenager joins a gang
Reinforcement in social learning theory refers to the process where rewarded behaviors are more likely to be
repeated
Social learning theory emphasizes the role of social and environmental influences on
criminal behavior
.
True
Match the concept with its key process:
Observation ↔️ Paying attention, remembering
Modeling ↔️ Replicating observed actions
Negative reinforcement involves removing unpleasant
stimuli
What are the three key concepts of social learning theory in explaining criminal behavior?
Observation, Modeling, Reinforcement
A weakness of social learning theory is the difficulty establishing
causality
Match the theory with its key focus:
Social Learning Theory ↔️ Observational learning and modeling
Biological Theories ↔️ Innate genetic factors
Imitation involves replicating the actions observed, whereas observation involves learning by watching the actions of
others
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