2.1 Cell Structure

• The plasma membrane of a cell controls the passage of substances
• Match the cell component with its structure and function:

  Plasma membrane ↔️ Lipid bilayer with proteins | Regulates entry and exit of substances

  Cytoplasm ↔️ Cytosol and organelles | Site of metabolic reactions

  Nucleus ↔️ Nuclear envelope containing DNA | Stores genetic information
• What does the nucleolus produce within the nucleus?

  Ribosomes
• What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

  Creating proteins from mRNA
• Which ribosomal subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation?

  Large subunit
• The plasma membrane encloses the cell and controls the passage of substances
• Match the cell component with its function:

  Plasma membrane ↔️ Regulates entry and exit of substances

  Cytoplasm ↔️ Site of metabolic reactions

  Nucleus ↔️ Controls cellular activities
• The nucleolus produces ribosomes for protein synthesis.


  True
• Match the ribosomal subunit with its function:

  Large subunit ↔️ Catalyzes peptide bond formation

  Small subunit ↔️ Binds to mRNA and initiates translation
• From which site on the ribosome are tRNA molecules discharged?

  E site
• What are the main functions of the smooth ER in the cell?

  Lipid synthesis and calcium regulation
• The Golgi apparatus packages modified proteins into membrane-bound vesicles
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of protein synthesis and initial processing
• Steps in protein processing and transport by the Golgi apparatus:

  1️⃣ Proteins are received from the ER

  2️⃣ Proteins are modified in the Golgi

  3️⃣ Proteins are packaged into vesicles

  4️⃣ Vesicles transport proteins to their destination
• Mitochondria contain the enzymes necessary for the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
• Match the cell component with its function:

  Plasma membrane ↔️ Regulates entry and exit of substances

  Cytoplasm ↔️ Site of metabolic reactions

  Nucleus ↔️ Controls cellular activities
• Match the ribosome subunit with its function:

  Large subunit ↔️ Catalyzes peptide bond formation

  Small subunit ↔️ Binds to mRNA
• The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae.


  True
• The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein synthesis and initial processing
• What is a cell considered in biology?

  Structural and functional unit
• The nucleus stores the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls its activities.


  True
• The nuclear envelope encloses and protects the cell's DNA
• Order the functions of the nucleus structures:

  1️⃣ Nuclear envelope encloses and protects DNA

  2️⃣ DNA stores genetic information

  3️⃣ Nucleolus produces ribosomes
• Match the ribosomal site with its function:

  A site ↔️ Binds incoming tRNA with amino acids

  P site ↔️ Holds tRNA with growing polypeptide chain

  E site ↔️ Allows tRNA to exit the ribosome
• What is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

  Cell
• Which cellular component houses the cell's genetic material (DNA)?

  Nucleus
• What does the cytoplasm of a cell contain?

  Organelles and cytosol
• What is the primary role of the nucleus in a cell?

  Storing genetic material
• The nucleus controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.


  True
• Ribosomes consist of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit.


  True
• The small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA
• The cytoplasm contains organelles and cytosol where metabolic processes occur.


  True
• What is the primary function of the nucleus in the cell?

  Storing genetic material
• How does the nucleus control the cell's activities?

  By regulating gene expression
• The A site on the ribosome binds incoming tRNA molecules carrying amino acids.

  True
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membrane-bound tubes and sacs within the cell's cytoplasm
• Where are proteins synthesized in the rough ER transported for further processing?

  Golgi apparatus
• Match the organelle with its function:

  Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ↔️ Protein synthesis and initial processing

  Golgi Apparatus ↔️ Further processing and packaging of proteins
• The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins for transport within the cell.


  True
• Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in generating ATP