1.1.4 Evaluation

• Evaluation in practical skills involves assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental design and procedure
• What should conclusions be based on in experimental evaluations?

  Results and observations
• What is an example of a random error in experiments?

  Fluctuations in measurements
• What is one recommendation that can be made based on experimental conclusions?

  Further investigations
• What is a random error in an experiment?

  Unpredictable variations by chance
• Random errors are consistent and predictable variations in measurements.

  False
• Conclusions in an experiment should address the original aims and hypotheses.
• What should conclusions acknowledge in experimental data?

  Limitations and uncertainties
• What type of data is analyzed in qualitative evaluation?

  Non-numerical data
• Steps in the purpose of evaluation in an experiment:

  1️⃣ Assess strengths of the design

  2️⃣ Identify limitations of the experiment

  3️⃣ Suggest improvements for future trials
• Systematic errors affect accuracy, leading to bias
• Systematic errors affect accuracy, leading to bias
• Consistency with aims means that conclusions should align with the original objectives of the experiment
• Understanding types of errors is crucial for evaluating the reliability of experimental results.


  True
• Systematic errors affect the accuracy of the experiment.
• What is the primary basis for drawing valid conclusions in an experiment?

  Analysis of results and observations
• Conclusions must always support the original hypotheses of the experiment.

  False
• Match the evaluation method with its description:

  Qualitative Evaluation ↔️ Examines non-numerical data

  Quantitative Evaluation ↔️ Uses statistical tools for analysis

  Comparative Evaluation ↔️ Compares results to known standards
• Limitations in an experiment restrict the precision or generalizability of results.
• What is an example of a strength in the pendulum experiment?

  Accurately controlling the length
• Evaluation in practical skills includes identifying limitations that might affect results.


  True
• Steps involved in the purpose of evaluation in practical skills

  1️⃣ Assessing strengths

  2️⃣ Identifying limitations

  3️⃣ Suggesting improvements
• Equipment precision is an example of a limitation in experimental evaluations.

  True
• Random errors affect the precision of the experiment.
• How do systematic errors affect experimental results?

  Shift results in one direction
• Match the error type with its impact on results:

  Systematic Errors ↔️ Affect accuracy, cause bias

  Random Errors ↔️ Affect precision, increase spread
• Steps to consider when developing conclusions:

  1️⃣ Ensure consistency with aims

  2️⃣ Align conclusions with hypotheses

  3️⃣ Interpret experimental results

  4️⃣ Acknowledge limitations and uncertainties
• Conclusions can suggest improvements or further investigations based on current findings.
• Quantitative evaluation uses statistical tools to analyze numerical data.


  True
• Identifying limitations is essential for recognizing factors that may have reduced the accuracy of results.


  True